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As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance toward practical deployment, the Microscaling FP4 (MXFP4) format has emerged as a cornerstone for next-generation low-bit inference, owing to its ability to balance high dynamic range with hardware…

We consider the problem of accurate quantization for language models, where both the weights and activations are uniformly quantized to 4 bits per parameter, the lowest bitwidth format natively supported by GPU hardware. In this context,…

Post Training Quantization (PTQ), a mainstream model compression technique, often leads to the paradoxical 'low error, high loss' phenomenon because it focuses solely on minimizing quantization error. The root cause lies in the Hessian…

We compare two strategies for compressing the KV cache in transformer inference: rank reduction (discard dimensions) and quantization (keep all dimensions, reduce precision). At matched storage budgets across five models (124M-14B, MHA and…

While advancements in the reasoning abilities of LLMs have significantly enhanced their performance in solving mathematical problems, coding tasks, and general puzzles, their effectiveness in accurately adhering to instructions remains…

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has been gaining popularity for the deployment of deep neural networks on resource-limited devices since unlike quantization-aware training, neither a full training dataset nor end-to-end training is…

We introduce a Power-of-Two low-bit post-training quantization(PTQ) method for deep neural network that meets hardware requirements and does not call for long-time retraining. Power-of-Two quantization can convert the multiplication…

As wireless communication systems advance toward Sixth Generation (6G) Radio Access Networks (RAN), Deep Learning (DL)-based neural receivers are emerging as transformative solutions for Physical Layer (PHY) processing, delivering superior…

As large language models (LLMs) become more prevalent, there is a growing need for new and improved quantization methods that can meet the computationalast layer demands of these modern architectures while maintaining the accuracy. In this…

The 8 bits quantization has been widely applied to accelerate network inference in various deep learning applications. There are two kinds of quantization methods, training-based quantization and post-training quantization. Training-based…

Post-training quantization (PTQ) improves efficiency but struggles with limited calibration data, especially under privacy constraints. Data-free quantization (DFQ) mitigates this by generating synthetic images using generative models such…

Modern practice for training classification deepnets involves a Terminal Phase of Training (TPT), which begins at the epoch where training error first vanishes; During TPT, the training error stays effectively zero while training loss is…

Recently, vision transformers (ViTs) have superseded convolutional neural networks in numerous applications, including classification, detection, and segmentation. However, the high computational requirements of ViTs hinder their widespread…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly computationally complex, developing efficient deployment strategies, such as quantization, becomes crucial. State-of-the-art Post-training Quantization (PTQ) techniques often rely on…

The quantization of large language models (LLMs) has been a prominent research area aimed at enabling their lightweight deployment in practice. Existing research about LLM's quantization has mainly explored the interplay between weights and…

With the increase in the scale of Deep Learning (DL) training workloads in terms of compute resources and time consumption, the likelihood of encountering in-training failures rises substantially, leading to lost work and resource wastage.…

Currently, there is a burgeoning demand for deploying deep learning (DL) models on ubiquitous edge Internet of Things (IoT) devices attributed to their low latency and high privacy preservation. However, DL models are often large in size…

Transformers trained in low precision can suffer forward-error amplification. We give a first-order, module-wise theory that predicts when and where errors grow. For self-attention we derive a per-layer bound that factorizes into three…

The exponentially large discrete search space in mixed-precision quantization (MPQ) makes it hard to determine the optimal bit-width for each layer. Previous works usually resort to iterative search methods on the training set, which…

A natural and intuitive idea in model quantization is to approximate each component's quantized output to match its original. Motivated by this idea, most layer-wise post-training quantization (PTQ) methods focus on weight approximation at…