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Fault injection attacks (FIA) pose significant security threats to embedded systems as they exploit weaknesses across multiple layers, including system software, instruction set architecture (ISA), microarchitecture, and physical hardware.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Arsalan Ali Malik , Harshvadan Mihir , Aydin Aysu

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as a way to collect digital art as well as an investment vehicle. Despite having been popularized only recently, NFT markets have witnessed several high-profile (and high-value) asset sales and a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Dipanjan Das , Priyanka Bose , Nicola Ruaro , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

With the growing popularity of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), a new type of digital assets, various fraudulent activities have appeared in NFT markets. Among them, wash trading has become one of the most common frauds in NFT markets, which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Xiaolin Wen , Yong Wang , Xuanwu Yue , Feida Zhu , Min Zhu

Smart contract transactions are increasingly interleaved by cross-contract calls. While many tools have been developed to identify a common set of vulnerabilities, the cross-contract vulnerability is overlooked by existing tools.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Yinxing Xue , Jiaming Ye , Wei Zhang , Jun Sun , Lei Ma , Haijun Wang , Jianjun Zhao

Smart contracts hold digital coins worth billions of dollars, their security issues have drawn extensive attention in the past years. Towards smart contract vulnerability detection, conventional methods heavily rely on fixed expert rules,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Zhenguang Liu , Peng Qian , Xiang Wang , Lei Zhu , Qinming He , Shouling Ji

The growing misuse of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has led providers to deploy multiple safeguards, including alignment tuning, system prompts, and content moderation. However, the real-world robustness of these defenses against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yijun Yang , Lichao Wang , Jianping Zhang , Chi Harold Liu , Lanqing Hong , Qiang Xu

Smart contracts are increasingly targeted by adversaries employing obfuscation techniques such as bogus code injection and control flow manipulation to evade vulnerability detection. Existing multimodal methods often process semantic,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Minh-Dai Tran-Duong , Nguyen Hai Phong , Nguyen Chi Thanh , Doan Minh Trung , Tram Truong-Huu , Van-Hau Pham , Phan The Duy

Software vulnerabilities represent one of the most pressing threats to computing systems. Identifying vulnerabilities in source code is crucial for protecting user privacy and reducing economic losses. Traditional static analysis tools rely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhonghao Jiang , Weifeng Sun , Xiaoyan Gu , Jiaxin Wu , Tao Wen , Haibo Hu , Meng Yan

Vulnerability detection is a crucial yet challenging technique for ensuring the security of software systems. Currently, most deep learning-based vulnerability detection methods focus on stand-alone functions, neglecting the complex…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Shaojian Qiu , Mengyang Huang , Jiahao Cheng

Purpose: This paper aims to establish a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) by identifying and structuring common characteristics within a taxonomy. NFTs are hyped and increasingly marketed as essential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Eduard Hartwich , Philipp Ollig , Gilbert Fridgen , Alexander Rieger

Decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols are crypto projects developed on the blockchain to manage digital assets. Attacks on DeFi have been frequent and have resulted in losses exceeding \$77 billion. However, detection methods for malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Wenkai Li , Xiaoqi Li , Yuqing Zhang , Zongwei Li

This paper introduces a method for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts using static analysis and a multi-objective optimization algorithm. We focus on four types of vulnerabilities: reentrancy, call stack overflow, integer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Dongcheng Li , W. Eric Wong , Xiaodan Wang , Sean Pan , Liang-Seng Koh

As control-flow protection gets widely deployed, it is difficult for attackers to corrupt control-data and achieve control-flow hijacking. Instead, data-oriented attacks, which manipulate non-control data, have been demonstrated to be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhilong Wang , Haizhou Wang , Hong Hu , Peng Liu

Smart contracts, closely intertwined with cryptocurrency transactions, have sparked widespread concerns about considerable financial losses of security issues. To counteract this, a variety of tools have been developed to identify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Guokai Sun , Yuan Zhuang , Shuo Zhang , Xiaoyu Feng , Zhenguang Liu , Liguo Zhang

Many Ethereum smart contracts rely on block attributes such as block.timestamp or blockhash to generate random numbers for applications like lotteries and games. However, these values are predictable and miner-manipulable, creating the Bad…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hadis Rezaei , Rahim Taheri , Francesco Palmieri

Transformer-based malware detection systems operating on graph modalities such as control flow graphs (CFGs) achieve strong performance by modeling structural relationships in program behavior. However, their robustness to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Andrew Wheeler , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta

This paper presents a software-based technique to recover control-flow errors in multithreaded programs. Control-flow error recovery is achieved through inserting additional instructions into multithreaded program at compile time regarding…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-07-27 Navid Khoshavi , Mohammad Maghsoudloo , Hamid R. Zarandi

Permission analysis is a widely used method for Android malware detection. It involves examining the permissions requested by an application to access sensitive data or perform potentially malicious actions. In recent years, various machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Ahmed Sabbah , Radi Jarrar , Samer Zein , David Mohaisen

Deep learning-based vulnerability detection has shown great performance and, in some studies, outperformed static analysis tools. However, the highest-performing approaches use token-based transformer models, which are not the most…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Benjamin Steenhoek , Hongyang Gao , Wei Le

Software vulnerabilities are now reported at an unprecedented speed due to the recent development of automated vulnerability hunting tools. However, fixing vulnerabilities still mainly depends on programmers' manual efforts. Developers need…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jianlei Chi , Yu Qu , Ting Liu , Qinghua Zheng , Heng Yin