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With proliferation of user generated contents in social media platforms, establishing mechanisms to automatically identify toxic and abusive content becomes a prime concern for regulators, researchers, and society. Keeping the balance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Djamila Romaissa Beddiar , Md Saroar Jahan , Mourad Oussalah

In recent years, the increasing propagation of hate speech on social media and the urgent need for effective counter-measures have drawn significant investment from governments, companies, and researchers. A large number of methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Ziqi Zhang , Lei Luo

This paper addresses the important problem of discerning hateful content in social media. We propose a detection scheme that is an ensemble of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) classifiers, and it incorporates various features associated with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Georgios K. Pitsilis , Heri Ramampiaro , Helge Langseth

The dissemination of online hate speech can have serious negative consequences for individuals, online communities, and entire societies. This and the large volume of hateful online content prompted both practitioners', i.e., in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Julian Bäumler , Louis Blöcher , Lars-Joel Frey , Xian Chen , Markus Bayer , Christian Reuter

The rise of hate speech on online platforms has led to an urgent need for effective content moderation. However, the subjective and multi-faceted nature of hateful online content, including implicit hate speech, poses significant challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Uma Gunturi , Xiaohan Ding , Eugenia H. Rho

The expanding influence of social media platforms over the past decade has impacted the way people communicate. The level of obscurity provided by social media and easy accessibility of the internet has facilitated the spread of hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Susmita Das , Arpita Dutta , Kingshuk Roy , Abir Mondal , Arnab Mukhopadhyay

Implicit hate speech detection is challenging due to its subtlety and reliance on contextual interpretation rather than explicit offensive words. Current approaches rely on contrastive learning, which are shown to be effective on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yejin Lee , Joonghyuk Hahn , Hyeseon Ahn , Yo-Sub Han

The spread of information through social media platforms can create environments possibly hostile to vulnerable communities and silence certain groups in society. To mitigate such instances, several models have been developed to detect hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Marzieh Babaeianjelodar , Gurram Poorna Prudhvi , Stephen Lorenz , Keyu Chen , Sumona Mondal , Soumyabrata Dey , Navin Kumar

Online hate speech is a recent problem in our society that is rising at a steady pace by leveraging the vulnerabilities of the corresponding regimes that characterise most social media platforms. This phenomenon is primarily fostered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Ioannis Mollas , Zoe Chrysopoulou , Stamatis Karlos , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Social media influence campaigns pose significant challenges to public discourse and democracy. Traditional detection methods fall short due to the complexity and dynamic nature of social media. Addressing this, we propose a novel detection…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Luca Luceri , Eric Boniardi , Emilio Ferrara

The ability of Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to categorize text into multiple classes has motivated their use in online content moderation tasks, such as hate speech and fake news detection. However, there is limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Neemesh Yadav , Jiarui Liu , Francesco Ortu , Roya Ensafi , Zhijing Jin , Rada Mihalcea

Memes have become a dominant form of communication in social media in recent years. Memes are typically humorous and harmless, however there are also memes that promote hate speech, being in this way harmful to individuals and groups based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Maria Tzelepi , Vasileios Mezaris

Despite recent concerns about undesirable behaviors generated by large language models (LLMs), including non-factual, biased, and hateful language, we find LLMs are inherent multi-task language checkers based on their latent representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Tianhua Zhang , Hongyin Luo , Yung-Sung Chuang , Wei Fang , Luc Gaitskell , Thomas Hartvigsen , Xixin Wu , Danny Fox , Helen Meng , James Glass

Most hate speech detection research focuses on a single language, generally English, which limits their generalisability to other languages. In this paper we investigate the cross-lingual hate speech detection task, tackling the problem by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Aiqi Jiang , Arkaitz Zubiaga

Online harms are a growing problem in digital spaces, putting user safety at risk and reducing trust in social media platforms. One of the most persistent forms of harm is hate speech. To address this, we need tools that combine the speed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Paloma Piot , Diego Sánchez , Javier Parapar

The pervasiveness of the Internet and social media have enabled the rapid and anonymous spread of Hate Speech content on microblogging platforms such as Twitter. Current EU and US legislation against hateful language, in conjunction with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Chrysoula Themeli , George Giannakopoulos , Nikiforos Pittaras

Automatic hate speech detection is hampered by the scarcity of labeled datasetd, leading to poor generalization. We employ pretrained language models (LMs) to alleviate this data bottleneck. We utilize the GPT LM for generating large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Large-scale web-scraped text corpora used to train general-purpose AI models often contain harmful demographic-targeted social biases, creating a regulatory need for data auditing and developing scalable bias-detection methods. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ayan Majumdar , Feihao Chen , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

Offensive language such as hate, abuse, and profanity (HAP) occurs in various content on the web. While previous work has mostly dealt with sentence level annotations, there have been a few recent attempts to identify offensive spans as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Christoph Tillmann , Aashka Trivedi , Sara Rosenthal , Santosh Borse , Rong Zhang , Avirup Sil , Bishwaranjan Bhattacharjee

Hateful speech detection is a key component of content moderation, yet current evaluation frameworks rarely assess why a text is deemed hateful. We introduce \textsf{HateXScore}, a four-component metric suite designed to evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yujia Hu , Roy Ka-Wei Lee