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Recently efforts have been made by social media platforms as well as researchers to detect hateful or toxic language using large language models. However, none of these works aim to use explanation, additional context and victim community…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Sarthak Roy , Ashish Harshavardhan , Animesh Mukherjee , Punyajoy Saha

The proliferation of hate speech on social media platforms has necessitated the development of effective detection and moderation tools. This study evaluates the efficacy of various machine learning models in identifying hate speech and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Saurabh Mishra , Shivani Thakur , Radhika Mamidi

Hate speech has become pervasive in today's digital age. Although there has been considerable research to detect hate speech or generate counter speech to combat hateful views, these approaches still cannot completely eliminate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Vibhor Agarwal , Yu Chen , Nishanth Sastry

A key challenge for automatic hate-speech detection on social media is the separation of hate speech from other instances of offensive language. Lexical detection methods tend to have low precision because they classify all messages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Thomas Davidson , Dana Warmsley , Michael Macy , Ingmar Weber

With growing role of social media in shaping public opinions and beliefs across the world, there has been an increased attention to identify and counter the problem of hate speech on social media. Hate speech on online spaces has serious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Hugo Larochelle , Deb Roy

Online platforms struggle to curb hate speech without over-censoring legitimate discourse. Early bidirectional transformer encoders made big strides, but the arrival of ultra-large autoregressive LLMs promises deeper context-awareness.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ariadna Mon , Saúl Fenollosa , Jon Lecumberri

Hate speech relies heavily on cultural influences, leading to varying individual interpretations. For that reason, we propose a Semantic Componential Analysis (SCA) framework for a cross-cultural and cross-domain analysis of hate speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Katerina Korre , Arianna Muti , Federico Ruggeri , Alberto Barrón-Cedeño

Hateful comments are prevalent on social media platforms. Although tools for automatically detecting, flagging, and blocking such false, offensive, and harmful content online have lately matured, such reactive and brute force methods alone…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Sougata Saha , Rohini Srihari

Automated hate speech detection is an important tool in combating the spread of hate speech, particularly in social media. Numerous methods have been developed for the task, including a recent proliferation of deep-learning based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Jitendra Singh Malik , Hezhe Qiao , Guansong Pang , Anton van den Hengel

Hate speech is one of the main threats posed by the widespread use of social networks, despite efforts to limit it. Although attention has been devoted to this issue, the lack of datasets and case studies centered around scarcely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Camilla Casula , Sara Tonelli

Hate speech encompasses verbal, written, or behavioral communication that targets derogatory or discriminatory language against individuals or groups based on sensitive characteristics. Automated hate speech detection plays a crucial role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Tanmay Sen , Ansuman Das , Mrinmay Sen

Social media platforms enable instant and ubiquitous connectivity and are essential to social interaction and communication in our technological society. Apart from its advantages, these platforms have given rise to negative behaviors in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Silvia García-Méndez , Francisco De Arriba-Pérez

Despite regulations imposed by nations and social media platforms, e.g. (Government of India, 2021; European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2022), inter alia, hateful content persists as a significant challenge. Existing…

We investigate the efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs) in detecting implicit and explicit hate speech, examining how models with minimal safety alignment (uncensored) compare with more heavily aligned (censored) counterparts in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sanjeeevan Selvaganapathy , Mehwish Nasim

Hate speech detection is a challenging natural language processing task that requires capturing linguistic and contextual nuances. Pre-trained language models (PLMs) offer rich semantic representations of text that can improve this task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Mohammad Aflah Khan , Neemesh Yadav , Mohit Jain , Sanyam Goyal

Large language models (LLMs) offer promising opportunities for organizational research. However, their built-in moderation systems can create problems when researchers try to analyze harmful content, often refusing to follow certain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Mustafa Akben , Aaron Satko

Hate speech, offensive language, aggression, racism, sexism, and other abusive language are common phenomena in social media. There is a need for Artificial Intelligence(AI)based intervention which can filter hate content at scale. Most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Prashant Kapil , Asif Ekbal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are the cornerstone for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks like sentiment analysis, document classification, named entity recognition, question answering, summarization, etc. LLMs are often trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Christoph Tillmann , Aashka Trivedi , Bishwaranjan Bhattacharjee

The fairness and trustworthiness of Large Language Models (LLMs) are receiving increasing attention. Implicit hate speech, which employs indirect language to convey hateful intentions, occupies a significant portion of practice. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Min Zhang , Jianfeng He , Taoran Ji , Chang-Tien Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application in high-stake domains, such as fraud and abuse detection, remains an area that requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Joymallya Chakraborty , Wei Xia , Anirban Majumder , Dan Ma , Walid Chaabene , Naveed Janvekar