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Reinforcement Learning has emerged as a key driver for LLM reasoning. This capability is equally pivotal in long-context scenarios--such as long-dialogue understanding and structured data analysis, where the challenge extends beyond…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Bowen Ping , Zijun Chen , Yiyao Yu , Tingfeng Hui , Junchi Yan , Baobao Chang

Long-context Large Language Models, despite their expanded capacity, require careful working memory management to mitigate attention dilution during long-horizon tasks. Yet existing approaches rely on external mechanisms that lack awareness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuxiang Zhang , Jiangming Shu , Ye Ma , Xueyuan Lin , Shangxi Wu , Jitao Sang

In this paper, we propose active recap learning (ARL), a framework for enhancing large language model (LLM) in understanding long contexts. ARL enables models to revisit and summarize earlier content through targeted sequence construction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chenyu Hui

Long-horizon reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models faces critical scalability challenges from unbounded context growth, leading to context folding methods that compress interaction history during task execution. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiaqi Shao , Yufeng Miao , Wei Zhang , Bing Luo

Recent large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning (RL). These improvements have primarily been observed within the short-context reasoning tasks. In contrast, extending LRMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Fanqi Wan , Weizhou Shen , Shengyi Liao , Yingcheng Shi , Chenliang Li , Ziyi Yang , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou , Ming Yan

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards~(RLVR) has become a prominent paradigm to enhance the capabilities (i.e.\ long-context) of Large Language Models~(LLMs). However, it often relies on gold-standard answers or explicit evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yao Xiao , Lei Wang , Yue Deng , Guanzheng Chen , Ziqi Jin , Jung-jae Kim , Xiaoli Li , Roy Ka-wei Lee , Lidong Bing

Long-term engagement is preferred over immediate engagement in sequential recommendation as it directly affects product operational metrics such as daily active users (DAUs) and dwell time. Meanwhile, reinforcement learning (RL) is widely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Wanqi Xue , Qingpeng Cai , Ruohan Zhan , Dong Zheng , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai , Bo An

Reasoning over long contexts is essential for large language models. While reinforcement learning (RL) enhances short-context reasoning by inducing "Aha" moments in chain-of-thought, the advanced thinking patterns required for long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Siyuan Wang , Gaokai Zhang , Li Lyna Zhang , Ning Shang , Fan Yang , Dongyao Chen , Mao Yang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by optimizing them against factual outcomes. However, this paradigm falters in long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Guanzheng Chen , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Lidong Bing

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and multimodal foundation models have significantly broadened their application in robotics and collaborative systems. However, effective multi-agent interaction necessitates robust…

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents have recently garnered increasing interest yet they are limited in their ability to learn from trial and error, a key element of intelligent behavior. In this work, we argue that the capacity to learn new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Haiteng Zhao , Chang Ma , Guoyin Wang , Jing Su , Lingpeng Kong , Jingjing Xu , Zhi-Hong Deng , Hongxia Yang

Quantization is pivotal for mitigating the significant memory and computational overhead of Large Language Models (LLMs). While emerging transformation-based methods have successfully enhanced quantization by projecting feature spaces onto…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Xiaohao Liu , Xiaobo Xia , Manyi Zhang , Ji-Fu Li , Xianzhi Yu , Fei Shen , Xiu Su , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant challenges in long-context processing, including quadratic computational costs, information forgetting, and the context fragmentation inherent in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhuoen Chen , Dongfang Li , Meishan Zhang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Recent advancements in reasoning-focused language models such as OpenAI's O1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown that scaling test-time computation-through chain-of-thought reasoning and iterative exploration-can yield substantial improvements on…

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved their reasoning and decision-making capabilities, as seen in methods like ReAct. However, despite its effectiveness in tackling complex tasks, ReAct faces two main challenges: losing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Shuoqiu Li , Han Xu , Haipeng Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated strong potential in training large language models (LLMs) capable of complex reasoning for real-world problem solving. More recently, RL has been leveraged to create sophisticated LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Priyanka Kargupta , Sercan O. Arik , Jiawei Han

Lead optimization in drug discovery requires improving therapeutic properties while ensuring that molecular modifications correspond to feasible synthetic routes. Existing approaches either prioritize property scores without enforcing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Tao Li , Kaiyuan Hou , Tuan Vinh , Monika Raj , Zhichun Guo , Carl Yang

Developing robust world model reasoning is crucial for large language model (LLM) agents to plan and interact in complex environments. While multi-turn interaction offers a superior understanding of environmental dynamics via authentic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Bao Shu , Yan Cai , Jianjian Sun , Chunrui Han , En Yu , Liang Zhao , Jingcheng Hu , Yinmin Zhang , Haoran Lv , Yuang Peng , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang , Xiangyu Yue

In modern sequential decision-making systems, the construction of an optimal candidate action space is critical to efficient inference. However, existing approaches either rely on manually defined action spaces that lack scalability or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xueliang Zhao , Wei Wu , Jian Guan , Qintong Li , Lingpeng Kong

Vision-language-action (VLA) reasoning tasks require agents to interpret multimodal instructions, perform long-horizon planning, and act adaptively in dynamic environments. Existing approaches typically train VLA models in an end-to-end…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Chi-Pin Huang , Yueh-Hua Wu , Min-Hung Chen , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Fu-En Yang
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