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Multi-agent debate (MAD) systems improve LLM reasoning through iterative deliberation, but remain vulnerable to debate collapse, a failure type where final agent decisions are compromised on erroneous reasoning. Existing methods lack…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Luoxi Tang , Yuqiao Meng , Joseph Costa , Yingxue Zhang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the emergence of multi-agent systems where LLMs interact, collaborate, and make decisions in shared environments. While individual model behavior has been extensively studied,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Young-Min Cho , Sharath Chandra Guntuku , Lyle Ungar

As intelligent systems are developed across diverse substrates - from machine learning models and neuromorphic hardware to in vitro neural cultures - understanding what gives a system agency has become increasingly important. Existing…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-08 Brett J. Kagan , Valentina Baccetti , Brian D. Earp , J. Lomax Boyd , Julian Savulescu , Adeel Razi

In this paper, we propose a novel method for speaker adaptation in lip reading, motivated by two observations. Firstly, a speaker's own characteristics can always be portrayed well by his/her few facial images or even a single image with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Songtao Luo , Shuang Yang , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

How should an agent decide when and how to plan? A dominant approach builds agents as reactive policies with adaptive computation (e.g., chain-of-thought), trained end-to-end expecting planning to emerge implicitly. Without control over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mingkai Deng , Jinyu Hou , Lara Sá Neves , Varad Pimpalkhute , Taylor W. Killian , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced dialogue systems and role-playing agents through their ability to generate human-like text. While prior studies have shown that LLMs can exhibit distinct and consistent personalities,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shu Yang , Shenzhe Zhu , Liang Liu , Lijie Hu , Mengdi Li , Di Wang

We are increasingly surrounded by artificially intelligent technology that takes decisions and executes actions on our behalf. This creates a pressing need for general means to communicate with, instruct and guide artificial agents, with…

Long-term autonomy requires autonomous systems to adapt as their capabilities no longer perform as expected. To achieve this, a system must first be capable of detecting such changes. In this position paper, we describe a system…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Peter Stringer , Rafael C. Cardoso , Xiaowei Huang , Louise A. Dennis

Self-modulating mechanisms introduce dynamic adaptation capabilities within language models through contextual realignment strategies that influence token embedding trajectories across extended sequences. Contextual Flux is explored as an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Henry Evidail , Zachary Mountebank , Alistair Hathersage , Peter Stanhope , Basil Ravenscroft , Tobias Waddingham

The advent of 6G networks is accelerating autonomy and intelligence in large-scale, decentralized multi-agent systems (MAS). While this evolution enables adaptive behavior, it also heightens vulnerability to stressors such as environmental…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tamara Alshammari , Mehdi Bennis

Previous evolutionary studies demonstrated how evaluating evolving agents in variable environmental conditions enable them to develop solutions that are robust to environmental variation. We demonstrate how the robustness of the agents can…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Nicola Milano , Jônata Tyska Carvalho , Stefano Nolfi

Language models have shown unprecedented capabilities, sparking debate over the source of their performance. Is it merely the outcome of learning syntactic patterns and surface level statistics, or do they extract semantics and a world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Adam Karvonen

Large language model (LLM) based agents have recently attracted much attention from the research and industry communities. Compared with original LLMs, LLM-based agents are featured in their self-evolving capability, which is the basis for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Zeyu Zhang , Xiaohe Bo , Chen Ma , Rui Li , Xu Chen , Quanyu Dai , Jieming Zhu , Zhenhua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

This paper studies the next major bottleneck in agentic AI as system scaling, not only model scaling: the design of auditable, persistent, modular, and verifiable architectures around foundation models. We refer to this shift as scaling the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shangding Gu

The robustness of Vision Language Models (VLMs) is commonly assessed through output-level invariance, implicitly assuming that stable predictions reflect stable multimodal processing. In this work, we argue that this assumption is…

Maintaining semantic consistency over extended text sequences remains a fundamental challenge in long-form text generation, where conventional training methodologies often struggle to prevent contextual drift and coherence degradation. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Nirola Kobanov , Edmund Weatherstone , Zachary Vanderpoel , Orlando Wetherby

We present a method for combining multi-agent communication and traditional data-driven approaches to natural language learning, with an end goal of teaching agents to communicate with humans in natural language. Our starting point is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Angeliki Lazaridou , Anna Potapenko , Olivier Tieleman

This paper addresses the limitations of large language models in understanding long-term context. It proposes a model architecture equipped with a long-term memory mechanism to improve the retention and retrieval of semantic information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yue Xing , Tao Yang , Yijiashun Qi , Minggu Wei , Yu Cheng , Honghui Xin

This work carries out a detailed transient analysis of the learning behavior of multi-agent networks, and reveals interesting results about the learning abilities of distributed strategies. Among other results, the analysis reveals how…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2015-04-21 Jianshu Chen , Ali H. Sayed

LLM agents increasingly operate in open-ended environments spanning hundreds of sequential episodes, yet they remain largely stateless: each task is solved from scratch without converting past experience into better future behavior. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wujiang Xu , Jiaojiao Han , Minghao Guo , Kai Mei , Xi Zhu , Han Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas