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Test-time scaling (TTS) has become an effective approach for improving large language model performance by allocating additional computation during inference. However, existing TTS strategies are largely hand-crafted: researchers manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Tong Zheng , Haolin Liu , Chengsong Huang , Huiwen Bao , Sheng Zhang , Rui Liu , Runpeng Dai , Ruibo Chen , Chenxi Liu , Tianyi Xiong , Xidong Wu , Hongming Zhang , Heng Huang

Test-time scaling (TTS) enhances the performance of large language models (LLMs) by allocating additional compute resources during inference. However, existing research primarily investigates TTS in single-stage tasks; while many real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Fali Wang , Hui Liu , Zhenwei Dai , Jingying Zeng , Zhiwei Zhang , Zongyu Wu , Chen Luo , Zhen Li , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Suhang Wang

Repository-level software engineering tasks require large language models (LLMs) to efficiently navigate and extract information from complex codebases through multi-turn tool interactions. Existing approaches face significant limitations:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Guochang Li , Yuchen Liu , Zhen Qin , Yunkun Wang , Jianping Zhong , Chen Zhi , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Shuiguang Deng

Automated design of chemical formulations is a cornerstone of materials science, yet it requires navigating a high-dimensional combinatorial space involving discrete compositional choices and continuous geometric constraints. Existing Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jiangyu Chen

With the aim of improving performance in Markov Decision Problem in an Off-Policy setting, we suggest taking inspiration from what is done in Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL). In Offline RL, it is a common practice during policy learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jérôme Arjonilla , Abdallah Saffidine , Tristan Cazenave

One of the most important AI research questions is to trade off computation versus performance since ``perfect rationality" exists in theory but is impossible to achieve in practice. Recently, Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) has attracted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Weirui Ye , Pieter Abbeel , Yang Gao

Tree search methods have demonstrated impressive performance in code generation. Previous methods combine tree search with reflection that summarizes past mistakes to achieve iterative improvement. However, these methods face significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Qingyao Li , Wei Xia , Kounianhua Du , Xinyi Dai , Ruiming Tang , Yasheng Wang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) gain substantial reasoning and decision-making capabilities from thought structures. However, existing methods such as Tree of Thought and Retrieval Augmented Thoughts often fall short in complex tasks due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Jinghan Zhang , Xiting Wang , Weijieying Ren , Lu Jiang , Dongjie Wang , Kunpeng Liu

The combination of Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and deep reinforcement learning is state-of-the-art in two-player perfect-information games. In this paper, we describe a search algorithm that uses a variant of MCTS which we enhanced by 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Arta Seify , Michael Buro

In this work, a non-gaited framework for legged system locomotion is presented. The approach decouples the gait sequence optimization by considering the problem as a decision-making process. The redefined contact sequence problem is solved…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Lorenzo Amatucci , Joon-Ha Kim , Jemin Hwangbo , Hae-Won Park

In this research, we investigate the possibility of applying a search strategy to genetic algorithms to explore the entire genetic tree structure. Several methods aid in performing tree searches; however, simpler algorithms such as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Akshay Hebbar

Existing large language models (LLMs) show exceptional problem-solving capabilities but might struggle with complex reasoning tasks. Despite the successes of chain-of-thought and tree-based search methods, they mainly depend on the internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jinhao Jiang , Jiayi Chen , Junyi Li , Ruiyang Ren , Shijie Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yang Song , Tao Zhang

Recent advancements in reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLM) has promoted their usage in problems that require high-level planning for robots and artificial agents. However, current techniques that utilize LLMs for such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yash Shukla , Wenchang Gao , Vasanth Sarathy , Alvaro Velasquez , Robert Wright , Jivko Sinapov

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, yet their outputs often suffer from misalignment with human preferences due to the inadequacy of weak supervision and a lack of fine-grained control. Training-time alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zhenyu Ding , Yuhao Wang , Tengyue Xiao , Haoying Wang , Caigui Jiang , Ning Ding

Large Language Models (LLMs) harness extensive data from the Internet, storing a broad spectrum of prior knowledge. While LLMs have proven beneficial as decision-making aids, their reliability is hampered by limitations in reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Hongyi Guo , Zhihan Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Zhaoran Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in reasoning tasks. A key approach is tree-based search with verifiers, which expand candidate reasoning paths and use reward models to guide pruning and selection. Although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yingqian Cui , Zhenwei Dai , Pengfei He , Bing He , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Jingying Zeng , Suhang Wang , Yue Xing , Jiliang Tang , Benoit Dumoulin

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a powerful algorithm for solving complex decision-making problems. This paper presents an optimized MCTS implementation applied to the FrozenLake environment, a classic reinforcement learning task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Esteban Aldana Guerra

Designing efficient reward functions for low-level control tasks is a challenging problem. Recent research aims to reduce reliance on expert experience by using Large Language Models (LLMs) with task information to generate dense reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ning Gao , Xiuhui Zhang , Xingyu Jiang , Mukang You , Mohan Zhang , Yue Deng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities across diverse domains. Recent studies have shown that increasing test-time computation enhances LLMs' reasoning capabilities. This typically involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Maohao Shen , Guangtao Zeng , Zhenting Qi , Zhang-Wei Hong , Zhenfang Chen , Wei Lu , Gregory Wornell , Subhro Das , David Cox , Chuang Gan

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) methods that leverage search are responsible for many milestone breakthroughs in RL. Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) recently emerged as an alternative to the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yaniv Oren , Joery A. de Vries , Pascal R. van der Vaart , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Wendelin Böhmer
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