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Audio codecs are a critical component of modern speech generation systems. This paper introduces a low-bitrate, multi-scale residual codec that encodes speech into four distinct streams: semantic, timbre, prosody, and residual. This…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Jingyu Li , Guangyan Zhang , Zhen Ye , Yiwen Guo

Neural speech codecs have revolutionized speech coding, achieving higher compression while preserving audio fidelity. Beyond compression, they have emerged as tokenization strategies, enabling language modeling on speech and driving…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Wei-Cheng Tseng , David Harwath

Language model based text-to-speech (TTS) models, like VALL-E, have gained attention for their outstanding in-context learning capability in zero-shot scenarios. Neural speech codec is a critical component of these models, which can convert…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yong Ren , Tao Wang , Jiangyan Yi , Le Xu , Jianhua Tao , Chuyuan Zhang , Junzuo Zhou

Efficient compression of language model weights is increasingly critical as model scale and deployment grow. Yet, most existing methods rely on handcrafted transforms and heuristics, reflecting the limited understanding of weights as a data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jegwang Ryu , Minkyu Kim , Seungjun Shin , Hee Min Choi , Dokwan Oh , Jaeho Lee

Neural speech codecs have achieved strong performance in low-bitrate compression, but residual vector quantization (RVQ) often suffers from unstable training and ineffective decomposition, limiting reconstruction quality and efficiency. We…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiatong Shi , Haoran Wang , William Chen , Chenda Li , Wangyou Zhang , Jinchuan Tian , Shinji Watanabe

Speech tokenizers serve as foundational components for speech language models, yet current designs exhibit several limitations, including: 1) dependence on multi-layer residual vector quantization structures or high frame rates, 2) reliance…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yuancheng Wang , Dekun Chen , Xueyao Zhang , Junan Zhang , Jiaqi Li , Zhizheng Wu

Neural audio coding has been shown to outperform classical audio coding at extremely low bitrates. However, the practical application of neural audio codecs is still limited by their elevated complexity. To address this challenge, we have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Jiawei Jiang , Linping Xu , Dejun Zhang , Qingbo Huang , Xianjun Xia , Yijian Xiao

The optimization of a wavelet-based algorithm to improve speech intelligibility along with the full data set and results are reported. The discrete-time speech signal is split into frequency sub-bands via a multi-level discrete wavelet…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Tianqu Kang , Anh-Dung Dinh , Binghong Wang , Tianyuan Du , Yijia Chen , Kevin Chau

Noise robustness is essential for deploying automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems in real-world environments. One way to reduce the effect of noise interference is to employ a preprocessing module that conducts speech enhancement, and…

Neural audio codecs are a fundamental component of modern generative audio pipelines. Although recent codecs achieve strong low-bitrate reconstruction and provide powerful representations for downstream tasks, most are non-streamable,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Luca Della Libera , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

Neural audio codecs are widely used as tokenizers for spoken language models, but they are optimized for waveform reconstruction rather than autoregressive prediction. This mismatch injects acoustically driven uncertainty into the discrete…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ho-Lam Chung , Yiming Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Neural audio coding has shown very promising results recently in the literature to largely outperform traditional codecs but limited attention has been paid on its error resilience. Neural codecs trained considering only source coding tend…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Huaying Xue , Xiulian Peng , Xue Jiang , Yan Lu

Neural audio codecs have recently gained popularity because they can represent audio signals with high fidelity at very low bitrates, making it feasible to use language modeling approaches for audio generation and understanding. Residual…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Hubert Siuzdak , Florian Grötschla , Luca A. Lanzendörfer

Neural video compression (NVC) has demonstrated superior compression efficiency, yet effective rate control remains a significant challenge due to complex temporal dependencies. Existing rate control schemes typically leverage frame content…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Wuyang Cong , Junqi Shi , Lizhong Wang , Weijing Shi , Ming Lu , Hao Chen , Zhan Ma

Current neural audio codecs typically use residual vector quantization (RVQ) to discretize speech signals. However, they often experience codebook collapse, which reduces the effective codebook size and leads to suboptimal performance. To…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-12 Rui-Chen Zheng , Hui-Peng Du , Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Zhen-Hua Ling

Attention-based contextual biasing approaches have shown significant improvements in the recognition of generic and/or personal rare-words in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition (E2E ASR) systems like neural transducers. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Xuandi Fu , Kanthashree Mysore Sathyendra , Ankur Gandhe , Jing Liu , Grant P. Strimel , Ross McGowan , Athanasios Mouchtaris

In practice, rigorous reasoning is often a key driver of correct code, while Reinforcement Learning (RL) for code generation often neglects optimizing reasoning quality. Bringing process-level supervision into RL is appealing, but it faces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Lishui Fan , Yu Zhang , Mouxiang Chen , Zhongxin Liu

In practical application of speech codecs, a multitude of factors such as the quality of the radio connection, limiting hardware or required user experience necessitate trade-offs between achievable perceptual quality, engendered bitrate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Kishan Gupta , Srikanth Korse , Andreas Brendel , Nicola Pia , Guillaume Fuchs

The recently introduced Quantum Lego framework provides a powerful method for generating complex quantum error correcting codes (QECCs) out of simple ones. We gamify this process and unlock a new avenue for code design and discovery using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Vincent Paul Su , ChunJun Cao , Hong-Ye Hu , Yariv Yanay , Charles Tahan , Brian Swingle

Neural codecs have become crucial to recent speech and audio generation research. In addition to signal compression capabilities, discrete codecs have also been found to enhance downstream training efficiency and compatibility with…