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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results in medical diagnosis, with some studies indicating superior performance compared to human physicians in specific scenarios. However, the diagnostic capabilities of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Zhoujian Sun , Ziyi Liu , Cheng Luo , Jiebin Chu , Zhengxing Huang

Disease risk prediction has attracted increasing attention in the field of modern healthcare, especially with the latest advances in artificial intelligence (AI). Electronic health records (EHRs), which contain heterogeneous patient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Shuai Niu , Qing Yin , Yunya Song , Yike Guo , Xian Yang

Individual's general well-being is greatly impacted by mental health conditions including depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), underscoring the importance of early detection and precise diagnosis in order to facilitate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Himanshi Singh , Sadhana Tiwari , Sonali Agarwal , Ritesh Chandra , Sanjay Kumar Sonbhadra , Vrijendra Singh

Chronic diseases such as diabetes are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Numerous research studies have been attempted with various deep learning models in diagnosis. However, most previous studies had certain…

Multi-task learning (MTL) is useful for domains in which data originates from multiple sources that are individually under-sampled. MTL methods are able to learn classification models that have higher performance as compared to learning a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Bilal Ahmed , Thomas Thesen , Karen E. Blackmon , Ruben Kuzniecky , Orrin Devinsky , Jennifer G. Dy , Carla E. Brodley

The shortage of clinical workforce presents significant challenges in mental healthcare, limiting access to formal diagnostics and services. We aim to tackle this shortage by integrating a customized large language model (LLM) into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Sichang Tu , Abigail Powers , Natalie Merrill , Negar Fani , Sierra Carter , Stephen Doogan , Jinho D. Choi

Dementia, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affects memory, reasoning, and daily functioning, creating challenges for individuals and healthcare systems. Early detection is crucial for timely interventions that may slow disease…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-04 Sahar Sinene Mehdoui , Abdelhamid Bouzid , Daniel Sierra-Sosa , Adel Elmaghraby

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality. Advances in diagnosis, risk stratification, and prevention can improve outcomes. There are few large publicly available datasets that contain PE labels for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 B. D. Lam , S. Ma , I. Kovalenko , P. Wang , O. Jafari , A. Li , S. Horng

With the advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques, researchers are striving towards employing these techniques for advancing clinical practice. One of the key objectives in healthcare is the early…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Khansa Rasheed , Adnan Qayyum , Junaid Qadir , Shobi Sivathamboo , Patrick Kwan , Levin Kuhlmann , Terence O'Brien , Adeel Razi

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fifth-leading cause of death among Americans aged 65 and older. Screening and early detection of AD and related dementias (ADRD) are critical for timely intervention and for identifying clinical trial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jiankun Wang , Sumyeong Ahn , Taykhoom Dalal , Xiaodan Zhang , Weishen Pan , Qiannan Zhang , Bin Chen , Hiroko H. Dodge , Fei Wang , Jiayu Zhou

The utilization of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) for clinical risk prediction is on the rise. However, strict privacy regulations limit access to comprehensive health records, making it challenging to apply standard machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Angeela Acharya , Sulabh Shrestha , Anyi Chen , Joseph Conte , Sanja Avramovic , Siddhartha Sikdar , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Sanmay Das

Pulmonary embolism (PE) registries accelerate practice-improving research but depend on resource-intensive manual abstraction of radiology reports. We evaluated whether openly available large-language models (LLMs) can automate concept…

Objective: Large language models (LLMs) are attracting increasing interest in healthcare. This commentary evaluates the potential of LLMs to improve clinical prediction models (CPMs) for diagnostic and prognostic tasks, with a focus on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yusuf Yildiz , Goran Nenadic , Meghna Jani , David A. Jenkins

Training large language models (LLMs) from scratch can yield models with unique functionalities and strengths, but it is costly and often leads to redundant capabilities. A more cost-effective alternative is to fuse existing pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Runjia Zeng , James Chenhao Liang , Cheng Han , Zhiwen Cao , Jiahao Liu , Xiaojun Quan , Yingjie Victor Chen , Lifu Huang , Tong Geng , Qifan Wang , Dongfang Liu

Deep learning (DL) based predictive models from electronic health records (EHR) deliver impressive performance in many clinical tasks. Large training cohorts, however, are often required to achieve high accuracy, hindering the adoption of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Laila Rasmy , Yang Xiang , Ziqian Xie , Cui Tao , Degui Zhi

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects a significant portion of the human population and imposes serious risks in the daily life of patients. Despite advances in machine learning and IoT, small, nonstigmatizing wearable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Una Pale , Tomas Teijeiro , David Atienza

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder classified as the second most serious neurological disease known to humanity, after stroke. Localization of the epileptogenic zone is an important step for epileptic patient treatment, which starts with…

Explainability of neural network prediction is essential to understand feature importance and gain interpretable insight into neural network performance. However, explanations of neural network outcomes are mostly limited to visualization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Arnab Neelim Mazumder , Niall Lyons , Ashutosh Pandey , Avik Santra , Tinoosh Mohsenin

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, characterized by transient and unprovoked events called epileptic seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an auxiliary method used to perform both the diagnosis and the monitoring of…

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health challenge that affects individuals exposed to traumatic events. Early detection and effective intervention for PTSD are crucial, as it can lead to long-term psychological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ayesha Siddiqua , Atib Mohammad Oni , Abu Saleh Musa Miah , Jungpil Shin