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To date, most discoveries of network subcomponents that implement human-interpretable computations in deep vision models have involved close study of single units and large amounts of human labor. We explore scalable methods for extracting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Achyuta Rajaram , Neil Chowdhury , Antonio Torralba , Jacob Andreas , Sarah Schwettmann

Through considerable effort and intuition, several recent works have reverse-engineered nontrivial behaviors of transformer models. This paper systematizes the mechanistic interpretability process they followed. First, researchers choose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Arthur Conmy , Augustine N. Mavor-Parker , Aengus Lynch , Stefan Heimersheim , Adrià Garriga-Alonso

*Automated circuit discovery* is a central tool in mechanistic interpretability for identifying the internal components of neural networks responsible for specific behaviors. While prior methods have made significant progress, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Itamar Hadad , Guy Katz , Shahaf Bassan

Understanding how neural networks arrive at their predictions is essential for debugging, auditing, and deployment. Mechanistic interpretability pursues this goal by identifying circuits - minimal subnetworks responsible for specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Alaa Anani , Tobias Lorenz , Bernt Schiele , Mario Fritz , Jonas Fischer

The fields of explainable AI and mechanistic interpretability aim to uncover the internal structure of neural networks, with circuit discovery as a central tool for understanding model computations. Existing approaches, however, rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Elena Golimblevskaia , Aakriti Jain , Bruno Puri , Ammar Ibrahim , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin

Mechanistic interpretability work attempts to reverse engineer the learned algorithms present inside neural networks. One focus of this work has been to discover 'circuits' -- subgraphs of the full model that explain behaviour on specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Joseph Miller , Bilal Chughtai , William Saunders

Deep vision models have achieved remarkable classification performance by leveraging a hierarchical architecture in which human-interpretable concepts emerge through the composition of individual neurons across layers. Given the distributed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dahee Kwon , Sehyun Lee , Jaesik Choi

Mechanistic interpretability seeks to reverse engineer a trained neural network by identifying the minimal subset of internal components. We perform a mechanistic interpretability analysis of the Particle Transformer architecture, trained…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-12 Saurabh Rai , Sanmay Ganguly

Automated mechanistic interpretation research has attracted great interest due to its potential to scale explanations of neural network internals to large models. Existing automated circuit discovery work relies on activation patching or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Aliyah R. Hsu , Georgia Zhou , Yeshwanth Cherapanamjeri , Yaxuan Huang , Anobel Y. Odisho , Peter R. Carroll , Bin Yu

Neural networks are growing more capable on their own, but we do not understand their neural mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms' decision-making processes, or mechanistic interpretability, enables (1) accountability and control in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Mason Kadem , Rong Zheng

Mechanistic interpretability has transformed the analysis of transformer circuits by decomposing model behavior into competing algorithms, identifying phase transitions during training, and deriving closed-form predictions for when and why…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Alma Lago

Mechanistic interpretability improves the safety, reliability, and robustness of large AI models. This study examined individual attention heads in vision transformers (ViTs) fine tuned on distorted 2D spectrogram images containing non…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Nooshin Bahador

Transformer-based language models exhibit complex and distributed behavior, yet their internal computations remain poorly understood. Existing mechanistic interpretability methods typically treat attention heads and multilayer perceptron…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Areeb Ahmad , Abhinav Joshi , Ashutosh Modi

Transformer-based models have become state-of-the-art tools in various machine learning tasks, including time series classification, yet their complexity makes understanding their internal decision-making challenging. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Matīss Kalnāre , Sofoklis Kitharidis , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein

Circuit analysis of any certain model behavior is a central task in mechanistic interpretability. We introduce our circuit discovery pipeline with Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) and a variant called Transcoders. With these two modules inserted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Xuyang Ge , Fukang Zhu , Wentao Shu , Junxuan Wang , Zhengfu He , Xipeng Qiu

Transformer-based language models have achieved significant success; however, their internal mechanisms remain largely opaque due to the complexity of non-linear interactions and high-dimensional operations. While previous studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Lin Zhang , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

A central goal in understanding human vision is to uncover the visual features that drive neuronal activity. A growing body of work has used artificial neural networks as encoding models to predict cortical responses to natural images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Idan Daniel Grosbard , Mor Geva , Galit Yovel

Mechanistic interpretability (MI) is an emerging sub-field of interpretability that seeks to understand a neural network model by reverse-engineering its internal computations. Recently, MI has garnered significant attention for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Daking Rai , Yilun Zhou , Shi Feng , Abulhair Saparov , Ziyu Yao

Vision-language models (VLMs) are powerful but remain opaque black boxes. We introduce the first framework for transparent circuit tracing in VLMs to systematically analyze multimodal reasoning. By utilizing transcoders, attribution graphs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jingcheng Yang , Tianhu Xiong , Shengyi Qian , Klara Nahrstedt , Mingyuan Wu

While concept-based interpretability methods have traditionally focused on local explanations of neural network predictions, we propose a novel framework and interactive tool that extends these methods into the domain of mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sofiia Chorna , Kateryna Tarelkina , Eloïse Berthier , Gianni Franchi
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