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Related papers: Hierarchical vs. Flat Iteration in Shared-Weight T…

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We study Latent Recurrent Transformer (LRT), a lightweight augmentation of autoregressive transformers that reuses a high-level source-layer hidden state from the previous token as recurrent memory for the next token. Because this source…

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are overshadowed by their immense computational cost. While recent work has shown that many LLM layers can be reordered or even removed with minimal impact on accuracy, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ramón Calvo González , Daniele Paliotta , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi , François Fleuret

The pursuit of general-purpose artificial intelligence depends on large language models (LLMs) that can handle both structured reasoning and open-ended generation. We present Omni-Thinker, a unified reinforcement learning (RL) framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Derek Li , Jiaming Zhou , Leo Maxime Brunswic , Abbas Ghaddar , Qianyi Sun , Liheng Ma , Yu Luo , Dong Li , Mark Coates , Jianye Hao , Yingxue Zhang

Autoregressive language models execute Transformer layers sequentially, creating a latency bottleneck that is not removed by conventional tensor or pipeline parallelism. We study whether this layerwise dependency can be relaxed by treating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ligong Han , Kai Xu , Hao Wang , Akash Srivastava

We introduce the Block-Recurrent Transformer, which applies a transformer layer in a recurrent fashion along a sequence, and has linear complexity with respect to sequence length. Our recurrent cell operates on blocks of tokens rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 DeLesley Hutchins , Imanol Schlag , Yuhuai Wu , Ethan Dyer , Behnam Neyshabur

We show that large language models (LLMs) exhibit an $\textit{internal chain-of-thought}$: they sequentially decompose and execute composite tasks layer-by-layer. Two claims ground our study: (i) distinct subtasks are learned at different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhipeng Yang , Junzhuo Li , Siyu Xia , Xuming Hu

While Large language models (LLMs) have advanced natural language processing tasks, their growing computational and memory demands make deployment on resource-constrained devices like mobile phones increasingly challenging. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Yiping Wang , Hanxian Huang , Yifang Chen , Jishen Zhao , Simon Shaolei Du , Yuandong Tian

Recently, motion generation by machine learning has been actively researched to automate various tasks. Imitation learning is one such method that learns motions from data collected in advance. However, executing long-term tasks remains…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Kazuki Hayashi , Sho Sakaino , Toshiaki Tsuji

Transformer architectures have achieved state-of-the-art performance across natural language tasks, yet they fundamentally misrepresent the hierarchical nature of human language by processing text as flat token sequences. This results in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ayan Sar , Sampurna Roy , Kanav Gupta , Anurag Kaushish , Tanupriya Choudhury , Abhijit Kumar

Class-incremental learning aims to continuously acquire new knowledge while preserving previously learned information, thereby mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Existing methods primarily restrict parameter updates but often overlook…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Mengxin Qin , Xiang Zhang , Kun Wei , Xu Yang , Cheng Deng

Hierarchical Multiscale LSTM (Chung et al., 2016a) is a state-of-the-art language model that learns interpretable structure from character-level input. Such models can provide fertile ground for (cognitive) computational linguistics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Ákos Kádár , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Grzegorz Chrupała , Afra Alishahi

Can a shared-weight recurrent Transformer develop distinct internal roles without being partitioned into separate modules? We study this in Asymmetric Input Recurrence (AIR), a minimal two-state reasoning architecture in which the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jucheng Shen , Barbara Su , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Large language model (LLM) architectures are often described as functionally hierarchical: Early layers process syntax, middle layers begin to parse semantics, and late layers integrate information. The present work revisits these ideas.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Paul C. Bogdan

Transformer-based large language models (LLM) have been widely used in language processing applications. However, due to the memory constraints of the devices, most of them restrict the context window. Even though recurrent models in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zifan He , Yingqi Cao , Zongyue Qin , Neha Prakriya , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Hierarchical Reasoning Model (HRM) is a novel approach using two small neural networks recursing at different frequencies. This biologically inspired method beats Large Language models (LLMs) on hard puzzle tasks such as Sudoku, Maze, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau

Deep pre-trained language models (e,g. BERT) are effective at large-scale text retrieval task. Existing text retrieval systems with state-of-the-art performance usually adopt a retrieve-then-reranking architecture due to the high…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Guangwei Xu , Pengjun Xie

Transformers have shown improved performance when compared to previous architectures for sequence processing such as RNNs. Despite their sizeable performance gains, as recently suggested, the model is computationally expensive to train and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Machel Reid , Edison Marrese-Taylor , Yutaka Matsuo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled remarkable progress in natural language processing, yet their high computational and memory demands pose challenges for deployment in resource-constrained environments. Although recent low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jiayi Tian , Ryan Solgi , Jinming Lu , Yifan Yang , Hai Li , Zheng Zhang

Scaling language models to handle longer contexts introduces substantial memory challenges due to the growing cost of key-value (KV) caches. Motivated by the efficiency gains of hybrid models and the broad availability of pretrained large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuan Zhang , Fengzhuo Zhang , Cunxiao Du , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Wei Gao , Min Lin

Recent progress in Language Models (LMs) has dramatically advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP), excelling at tasks like text generation, summarization, and question answering. However, their inference remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Adarsh Prasad Behera , Jaya Prakash Champati , Roberto Morabito , Sasu Tarkoma , James Gross