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Related papers: Batch Effects In Brain Foundation Model Embeddings

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Healthcare foundation models have largely followed paradigms from natural language processing and computer vision, emphasizing large scale pretraining and deterministic representations over heterogeneous clinical data. However, clinical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Qian Zhou , Yuanyun Zhang , Shi Li

We present brat (brain report alignment transformer), a multi-view representation learning framework for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) trained on MRIs paired with clinical reports. Brain MRIs present unique challenges due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Maxime Kayser , Maksim Gridnev , Wanting Wang , Max Bain , Aneesh Rangnekar , Avijit Chatterjee , Aleksandr Petrov , Harini Veeraraghavan , Nathaniel C. Swinburne

Brain Foundation Models (BFMs) are transforming neuroscience by enabling scalable and transferable learning from neural signals, advancing both clinical diagnostics and cutting-edge neuroscience exploration. Their emergence is powered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Fanqi Shen , Enhong Yang , Jiahe Li , Junru Hong , Xiaoran Pan , Zhizhang Yuan , Meng Li , Yang Yang

Foundational optimization embeddings have recently emerged as powerful pre-trained representations for mixed-integer programming (MIP) problems. These embeddings were shown to enable cross-domain transfer and reduce reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Koyena Pal , Serdar Kadioglu

The development of foundation models for brain MRI depends critically on the scale, diversity, and consistency of available data, yet systematic assessments of these factors remain scarce. In this study, we analyze 54 publicly accessible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Minh Sao Khue Luu , Margaret V. Benedichuk , Ekaterina I. Roppert , Roman M. Kenzhin , Bair N. Tuchinov

Structured data is widely used in domains such as healthcare, finance, and scientific data management. Recent studies on structured data foundation models (SFMs) aim to support data analysis and mining tasks over such data, but still face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zhenghang Song , Tang Qian , Lu Chen , Yushuai Li , Zhengke Hu , Bingbing Fang , Yumeng Song , Junbo Zhao , Sheng Zhang , Tianyi Li

Feature-Imitating-Networks (FINs) are neural networks that are first trained to approximate closed-form statistical features (e.g. Entropy), and then embedded into other networks to enhance their performance. In this work, we perform the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-24 Shangyang Min , Hassan B. Ebadian , Tuka Alhanai , Mohammad Mahdi Ghassemi

Large pre-trained models, or foundation models, have shown impressive performance when adapted to a variety of downstream tasks, often out-performing specialized models. Hypernetworks, neural networks that generate some or all of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jeffrey Gu , Serena Yeung-Levy

Foundation models are widely employed in medical image analysis, due to their high adaptability and generalizability for downstream tasks. With the increasing number of foundation models being released, model selection has become an…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-27 Fuping Wu , Bartlomiej W. Papiez

Foundation models learn highly transferable representations through large-scale pretraining on diverse data. An increasing body of research indicates that these representations exhibit a remarkable degree of similarity across architectures…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jianglin Lu , Hailing Wang , Yi Xu , Yizhou Wang , Kuo Yang , Yun Fu

Neural dynamics underlie behaviors from memory to sleep, yet identifying mechanisms for higher-order phenomena (e.g., social interaction) is experimentally challenging. Existing whole-brain models often fail to scale to single-neuron…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-03 Sam Fatehmanesh Vegas , Matt Thomson , James Gornet , David Prober

Embedding-based neural topic models could explicitly represent words and topics by embedding them to a homogeneous feature space, which shows higher interpretability. However, there are no explicit constraints for the training of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Wei Shao , Lei Huang , Shuqi Liu , Shihua Ma , Linqi Song

Neuroimaging data, particularly from techniques like MRI or PET, offer rich but complex information about brain structure and activity. To manage this complexity, latent representation models - such as Autoencoders, Generative Adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 C. Vázquez-García , F. J. Martínez-Murcia , F. Segovia Román , Juan M. Górriz

This study highlights the importance of conducting comprehensive model inspection as part of comparative performance analyses. Here, we investigate the effect of modelling choices on the feature learning characteristics of graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Nairouz Shehata , Carolina Piçarra , Anees Kazi , Ben Glocker

The human brain extracts complex information from visual inputs, including objects, their spatial and semantic interrelations, and their interactions with the environment. However, a quantitative approach for studying this information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Adrien Doerig , Tim C Kietzmann , Emily Allen , Yihan Wu , Thomas Naselaris , Kendrick Kay , Ian Charest

Foundation models, large-scale, pre-trained deep-learning models adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks have gained significant interest lately in various deep-learning problems undergoing a paradigm shift with the rise of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Bobby Azad , Reza Azad , Sania Eskandari , Afshin Bozorgpour , Amirhossein Kazerouni , Islem Rekik , Dorit Merhof

This position paper explores the rapid development of Foundation Models (FMs) in AI and their implications for intelligence and reasoning. It examines the characteristics of FMs, including their training on vast datasets and use of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Alan F. Smeaton

Structural and functional neuroimaging modalities provide complementary windows into brain organization: structural imaging characterizes neural tissue anatomy and microstructure, while functional imaging captures dynamic patterns of neural…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Sakul Mahat , Sharmistha Guha , Jessica Bernard

Accurately monitoring cognitive load in real time is critical for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) that adapt to user engagement and support personalized learning. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive, cost-effective modality…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Deeksha M. Shama , Dimitra Emmanouilidou , Ivan J. Tashev

General-purpose text embedding models underpin a wide range of NLP and information retrieval applications, and are typically trained on large-scale multi-task corpora to encourage broad generalization. However, it remains unclear how…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Hengran Zhang , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Jiaming Zhang , Wenbo Yang , Daiting Shi , Xueqi Cheng