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Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed for complex, tool-based tasks where long-term memory is critical to driving actions. Existing benchmarks, however, primarily test a angent's ability to passively retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yiting Shen , Kun Li , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Relational thinking refers to the inherent ability of humans to form mental impressions about relations between sensory signals and prior knowledge, and subsequently incorporate them into their model of their world. Despite the crucial role…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Zheng Nan , Ting Dang , Vidhyasaharan Sethu , Beena Ahmed

Existing agent memory systems universally follow what we term a Memory-as-Tool paradigm where a single query triggers one-shot retrieval of flat passage lists, suffering from passive invocation, reasoning-retrieval decoupling, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zihan Li , Xingyu Fan , Feifei Li , Wenhui Que

In this study, we propose a novel human-like memory architecture designed for enhancing the cognitive abilities of large language model based dialogue agents. Our proposed architecture enables agents to autonomously recall memories…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuki Hou , Haruki Tamoto , Homei Miyashita

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning abilities, but struggle with temporal understanding, especially when questions involve multiple entities, compound operators, and evolving event sequences. Temporal Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Liming Zhu , Wenjie Zhang

Large audio language models (LALMs) process both speech and environmental acoustic cues, yet struggle to retain non-speech information across multi-turn interactions. The performance gap between semantic (speech) and acoustic (non-speech)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Yang Xiao , Siyi Wang , Han Yin , Hong Jia , Vidhyasaharan Sethu , Eun-Jung Holden , Ting Dang

Memory plays a key role in enhancing LLMs' performance when deployed to real-world applications. Existing solutions face trade-offs: explicit memory designs based on external storage require complex management and incur storage overhead,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xiaoqiang Wang , Suyuchen Wang , Yun Zhu , Bang Liu

Perception and expression of emotion are key factors to the success of dialogue systems or conversational agents. However, this problem has not been studied in large-scale conversation generation so far. In this paper, we propose Emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Hao Zhou , Minlie Huang , Tianyang Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhu , Bing Liu

Recent dialogue approaches operate by reading each word in a conversation history, and aggregating accrued dialogue information into a single state. This fixed-size vector is not expandable and must maintain a consistent format over time.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-24 David Donahue , Yuanliang Meng , Anna Rumshisky

Memory is essential for large vision-language models (LVLMs) to handle long, multimodal interactions, with two method directions providing this capability: long-context LVLMs and memory-augmented agents. However, no existing benchmark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xiyu Ren , Zhaowei Wang , Yiming Du , Zhongwei Xie , Chi Liu , Xinlin Yang , Haoyue Feng , Wenjun Pan , Tianshi Zheng , Baixuan Xu , Zhengnan Li , Yangqiu Song , Ginny Wong , Simon See

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as promising tools for solving challenging robotic tasks, even in the presence of action and observation uncertainties. Recent LLM-based decision-making methods (also referred to as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Abhinav Jain , Chris Jermaine , Vaibhav Unhelkar

Recent advances in conversational systems have changed the search paradigm. Traditionally, a user poses a query to a search engine that returns an answer based on its index, possibly leveraging external knowledge bases and conditioning the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Tom Kenter , Maarten de Rijke

Memory-augmented large language models extend reasoning beyond a fixed context window by maintaining long-term memory across interactions. However, existing memory systems often collapse stable user facts, episodic events, and behavioral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hyeonjeong Ha , Jeonghwan Kim , Cheng Qian , Jiayu Liu , William M. Campbell , Yue Wu , Yuji Zhang , Kathleen McKeown , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Heng Ji

Memory systems address the challenge of context loss in Large Language Model during prolonged interactions. However, compared to human cognition, the efficacy of these systems in processing emotion-related information remains inconclusive.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Peng Liu , Zhen Tao , Jihao Zhao , Ding Chen , Yansong Zhang , Cuiping Li , Zhiyu Li , Hong Chen

Emotion recognition is a crucial task for human conversation understanding. It becomes more challenging with the notion of multimodal data, e.g., language, voice, and facial expressions. As a typical solution, the global- and the local…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Cam-Van Thi Nguyen , Anh-Tuan Mai , The-Son Le , Hai-Dang Kieu , Duc-Trong Le

An important step towards enabling English language learners to improve their conversational speaking proficiency involves automated scoring of multiple aspects of interactional competence and subsequent targeted feedback. This paper builds…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Vikram Ramanarayanan , Matthew Mulholland , Debanjan Ghosh

Current language model systems remain fundamentally stateless across sessions, limiting their ability to personalize interactions over time. While retrieval-augmented generation and fine-tuning improve knowledge access and domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Vineet Kotecha , Vansh Gupta

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in Emotional Intelligence (EI) and long-context modeling. However, existing benchmarks often overlook the fact that emotional information processing unfolds as a continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Weichu Liu , Jing Xiong , Yuxuan Hu , Zixuan Li , Minghuan Tan , Ningning Mao , Hui Shen , Wendong Xu , Chaofan Tao , Min Yang , Chengming Li , Lingpeng Kong , Ngai Wong

Reinforcement learning (RL) has driven breakthroughs in AI, from game-play to scientific discovery and AI alignment. However, its broader applicability remains limited by challenges such as low data efficiency and poor generalizability.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xidong Yang , Wenhao Li , Junjie Sheng , Chuyun Shen , Yun Hua , Xiangfeng Wang

Complex reasoning in tool-augmented agent frameworks is inherently long-horizon, causing reasoning traces and transient tool artifacts to accumulate and strain the bounded working context of large language models. Without explicit memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Hongjin Qian , Zhao Cao , Zheng Liu