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Related papers: Reinforcement Learning via Value Gradient Flow

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We investigate an entropy-regularized reinforcement learning (RL) approach to optimal stopping problems motivated by real option models. Classical stopping rules are strict and non-randomized, limiting natural exploration in RL settings. To…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Jodi Dianetti , Giorgio Ferrari , Renyuan Xu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, but extending these methods to diffusion language models (DLMs) is challenging due to intractable sequence-level likelihoods. Existing…

Post-training with Reinforcement Learning (RL) has substantially improved reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) via test-time scaling. However, extending this paradigm to Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) through verbose rationales yields limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Bangzheng Li , Jianmo Ni , Chen Qu , Ian Miao , Liu Yang , Xingyu Fu , Muhao Chen , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng

Aligning denoising generative models with human preferences or verifiable rewards remains a key challenge. While policy-gradient online reinforcement learning (RL) offers a principled post-training framework, its direct application is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bingda Tang , Yuhui Zhang , Xiaohan Wang , Jiayuan Mao , Ludwig Schmidt , Serena Yeung-Levy

With respect to improving the reasoning accuracy of LLMs, the representative reinforcement learning (RL) method GRPO faces failure due to insignificant reward variance, while verification methods based on process reward models (PRMs) suffer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Sining Zhoubian , Dan Zhang , Jie Tang

In offline reinforcement learning, weighted regression is a common method to ensure the learned policy stays close to the behavior policy and to prevent selecting out-of-sample actions. In this work, we show that due to the limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Huayu Chen , Cheng Lu , Chengyang Ying , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

The study of vision-and-language navigation (VLN) has typically relied on expert trajectories, which may not always be available in real-world situations due to the significant effort required to collect them. On the other hand, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Valay Bundele , Mahesh Bhupati , Biplab Banerjee , Aditya Grover

Reliable value estimation serves as the cornerstone of reinforcement learning (RL) by evaluating long-term returns and guiding policy improvement, significantly influencing the convergence speed and final performance. Existing works improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shan Zhong , Shutong Ding , He Diao , Xiangyu Wang , Kah Chan Teh , Bei Peng

Recent advances in rule-based reinforcement learning (RL) have significantly improved the reasoning capability of language models (LMs) with rule-based rewards. However, existing RL methods -- such as GRPO, REINFORCE++, and RLOO -- often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zongkai Liu , Fanqing Meng , Lingxiao Du , Zhixiang Zhou , Chao Yu , Wenqi Shao , Qiaosheng Zhang

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires agents to navigate photo-realistic environments following natural language instructions. Current methods predominantly rely on imitation learning, which suffers from limited generalization and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiangyang Li , Cong Wan , SongLin Dong , Chenhao Ding , Qiang Wang , Zhiheng Ma , Yihong Gong

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL)-based methods for learning driving policies have gained increasing attention in the autonomous driving community and have achieved remarkable progress in various driving scenarios. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Zilin Huang , Zihao Sheng , Yansong Qu , Junwei You , Sikai Chen

Fine-tuning foundation models via reinforcement learning (RL) has proven promising for aligning to downstream objectives. In the case of diffusion models (DMs), though RL training improves alignment from early timesteps, critical issues…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-14 Roberto Barceló , Cristóbal Alcázar , Felipe Tobar

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising tool to solve robust optimal well control problems where the model parameters are highly uncertain, and the system is partially observable in practice. However, RL of robust control policies often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Atish Dixit , Ahmed H. ElSheikh

We study offline off-dynamics reinforcement learning (RL) to utilize data from an easily accessible source domain to enhance policy learning in a target domain with limited data. Our approach centers on return-conditioned supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ruhan Wang , Yu Yang , Zhishuai Liu , Dongruo Zhou , Pan Xu

During initial iterations of training in most Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms, agents perform a significant number of random exploratory steps. In the real world, this can limit the practicality of these algorithms as it can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Ashish Kumar Jayant , Shalabh Bhatnagar

We study the problem of training and fine-tuning expressive policies with online reinforcement learning (RL) given an offline dataset. Training expressive policy classes with online RL present a unique challenge of stable value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Perry Dong , Qiyang Li , Dorsa Sadigh , Chelsea Finn

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms typically parameterize the policy as a deep network that outputs either a deterministic action or a stochastic one modeled as a Gaussian distribution, hence restricting learning to a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zechu Li , Rickmer Krohn , Tao Chen , Anurag Ajay , Pulkit Agrawal , Georgia Chalvatzaki

A random recurrent neural network, called a reservoir, can be used to learn robot movements conditioned on context inputs that encode task goals. The Learning is achieved by mapping the random dynamics of the reservoir modulated by context…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zahra Koulaeizadeh , Erhan Oztop

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a powerful approach for aligning generative models, but its reliance on learned reward models makes it vulnerable to mis-specification and reward hacking. Preference-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Akhil Agnihotri , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran , Zheng Wen

Operational constraint violations may occur when deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents interact with real-world active distribution systems to learn their optimal policies during training. This letter presents a universal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Hoang Tien Nguyen , Dae-Hyun Choi
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