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Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is crucial for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to specific tasks. In this work, we demonstrate that the order of training data can lead to significant training imbalances, potentially resulting in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yiming Ju , Ziyi Ni , Xingrun Xing , Zhixiong Zeng , hanyu Zhao , Siqi Fan , Zheng Zhang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques have emerged to address overfitting and high computational costs associated with fully fine-tuning in self-supervised learning. Mainstream PEFT methods add a few trainable parameters while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xingliang Lei , Yiwen Ye , Zhisong Wang , Ziyang Chen , Minglei Shu , Weidong Cai , Yanning Zhang , Yong Xia

Fine-tuning is a promising technique for leveraging Transformer-based language models in downstream tasks. As model sizes continue to grow, updating all model parameters becomes increasingly costly. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Xiaoshuang Ji , Zhendong Zhao , Xiaojun Chen , Xin Zhao , Zeyao Liu

Ensuring Large Language Model (LLM) safety is crucial, yet the lack of a clear understanding about safety mechanisms hinders the development of precise and reliable methodologies for safety intervention across diverse tasks. To better…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Weiwei Qi , Zefeng Wu , Tianhang Zheng , Zikang Zhang , Xiaojun Jia , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) are composed of neurons that exhibit various behaviors and roles, which become increasingly diversified as models scale. Recent studies have revealed that not all neurons are active across different datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Haoyun Xu , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

Packing for Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) in autoregressive models involves concatenating data points of varying lengths until reaching the designed maximum length to facilitate GPU processing. However, randomly concatenating data points can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jiancheng Dong , Lei Jiang , Wei Jin , Lu Cheng

Large pre-trained models achieve remarkable performance in vision tasks but are impractical for fine-tuning due to high computational and storage costs. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods mitigate this issue by updating only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Siqi Luo , Haoran Yang , Yi Xin , Mingyang Yi , Guangyang Wu , Guangtao Zhai , Xiaohong Liu

In finetuning a large pretrained model to downstream tasks, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods can effectively finetune pretrained models with few trainable parameters, but suffer from high GPU memory consumption and slow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Ningyuan Tang , Minghao Fu , Ke Zhu , Jianxin Wu

Morphology-aware policy learning is a means of enhancing policy sample efficiency by aggregating data from multiple agents. These types of policies have previously been shown to help generalize over dynamic, kinematic, and limb…

Pre-trained models (PTMs) have achieved great success in various Software Engineering (SE) downstream tasks following the ``pre-train then fine-tune'' paradigm. As fully fine-tuning all parameters of PTMs can be computationally expensive, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Wentao Zou , Qi Li , Jidong Ge , Chuanyi Li , Xiaoyu Shen , Liguo Huang , Bin Luo

Foundation models have achieved great advances in multi-task learning with a unified interface of unimodal and multimodal tasks. However, the potential of such multi-task learners has not been exploited during transfer learning. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Chengyue Wu , Teng Wang , Yixiao Ge , Zeyu Lu , Ruisong Zhou , Ying Shan , Ping Luo

Prompt-based continual learning methods effectively mitigate catastrophic forgetting. However, most existing methods assign a fixed set of prompts to each task, completely isolating knowledge across tasks and resulting in suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiangyang Li , Chenhao Ding , Songlin Dong , Qiang Wang , Jianchao Zhao , Yuhang He , Yihong Gong

Parameter-Efficient Tuning (PETuning) methods have been deemed by many as the new paradigm for using pretrained language models (PLMs). By tuning just a fraction amount of parameters comparing to full model finetuning, PETuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Guanzheng Chen , Fangyu Liu , Zaiqiao Meng , Shangsong Liang

We present Adjacent Possible Exploration (APE), a selective fine-tuning method for adapting large language models that systematically explores parameter modifications while maintaining model stability. Inspired by evolutionary optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Javier Marín

This paper addresses the issues of parameter redundancy, rigid structure, and limited task adaptability in the fine-tuning of large language models. It proposes an adapter-based fine-tuning method built on a structure-learnable mechanism.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Ming Gong , Yingnan Deng , Nia Qi , Yujun Zou , Zhihao Xue , Yun Zi

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) allows model builders to capture the task-specific parameters into adapters, which are a fraction of the size of the original base model. Popularity of PEFT technique for fine-tuning has led to the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Saransh Gupta , Umesh Deshpande , Travis Janssen , Swami Sundararaman

Estimating and quantifying uncertainty in unknown system parameters from limited data remains a challenging inverse problem in a variety of real-world applications. While many approaches focus on estimating constant parameters, a subset of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-09 Andrea Arnold

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities in diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The LLMs generally undergo supervised fine-tuning (SFT) followed by preference alignment to be usable in downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Shiva Kumar Pentyala , Zhichao Wang , Bin Bi , Kiran Ramnath , Xiang-Bo Mao , Regunathan Radhakrishnan , Sitaram Asur , Na , Cheng

Driven by the rapid growth of model parameters, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become essential for adapting large models to diverse downstream tasks under constrained computational resources. Within this paradigm, orthogonal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Fei Wu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min , Shiqiang Wang

Automated Program Repair (APR) aims to fix bugs by generating patches. And existing work has demonstrated that "pre-training and fine-tuning" paradigm enables Large Language Models (LLMs) improve fixing capabilities on APR. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Guochang Li , Chen Zhi , Jialiang Chen , Junxiao Han , Shuiguang Deng