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Despite the remarkable capabilities of Language Models (LMs) across diverse tasks, no single model consistently outperforms others, necessitating efficient methods to combine their strengths without expensive retraining. Existing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

As generative models scale to larger inputs across language, vision, and video domains, the cost of token-level computation has become a key bottleneck. While prior work suggests that only a subset of tokens significantly influence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

We introduce Token Merging (ToMe), a simple method to increase the throughput of existing ViT models without needing to train. ToMe gradually combines similar tokens in a transformer using a general and light-weight matching algorithm that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Daniel Bolya , Cheng-Yang Fu , Xiaoliang Dai , Peizhao Zhang , Christoph Feichtenhofer , Judy Hoffman

Current language models (LMs) use a fixed, static subword tokenizer. This default choice typically results in degraded efficiency and language capabilities, especially in languages other than English. To address this issue, we challenge the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Darius Feher , Ivan Vulić , Benjamin Minixhofer

Multilingual knowledge editing (MKE) remains challenging because language-specific edits interfere with one another, even when locate-then-edit methods work well in monolingual settings. This paper focuses on three issues: the effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kunil Lee , Ki-Young Shin , Jong-Hyeok Lee , Young-Joo Suh

As the scale of data and models for video understanding rapidly expand, handling long-form video input in transformer-based models presents a practical challenge. Rather than resorting to input sampling or token dropping, which may result…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Seon-Ho Lee , Jue Wang , Zhikang Zhang , David Fan , Xinyu Li

The landscape of image generation has been forever changed by open vocabulary diffusion models. However, at their core these models use transformers, which makes generation slow. Better implementations to increase the throughput of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Daniel Bolya , Judy Hoffman

Many modern ViT backbones adopt spatial architectural designs, such as window attention, decomposed relative positional embeddings in SAM, and RoPE in DINOv3. Such architectures impose new challenges on token reduction, as the vast majority…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenyi Gong , Mieszko Lis

Even though many programmers rely on 3-way merge tools to integrate changes from different branches, such tools can introduce subtle bugs in the integration process. This paper aims to mitigate this problem by defining a semantic notion of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Marcelo Sousa , Isil Dillig , Shuvendu Lahiri

Utilizing transformer architectures for semantic segmentation of high-resolution images is hindered by the attention's quadratic computational complexity in the number of tokens. A solution to this challenge involves decreasing the number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Daniel Kienzle , Marco Kantonis , Robin Schön , Rainer Lienhart

Choosing an appropriate tokenization scheme is often a bottleneck in low-resource cross-lingual transfer. To understand the downstream implications of text representation choices, we perform a comparative analysis on language models having…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Md Mushfiqur Rahman , Fardin Ahsan Sakib , Fahim Faisal , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Advanced image fusion methods are devoted to generating the fusion results by aggregating the complementary information conveyed by the source images. However, the difference in the source-specific manifestation of the imaged scene content…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Chunyang Cheng , Tianyang Xu , Xiao-Jun Wu , Hui Li , Xi Li , Zhangyong Tang , Josef Kittler

Text semantic segmentation involves partitioning a document into multiple paragraphs with continuous semantics based on the subject matter, contextual information, and document structure. Traditional approaches have typically relied on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Tongke Ni , Yang Fan , Junru Zhou , Xiangping Wu , Qingcai Chen

Multi-task model merging offers a promising paradigm for integrating multiple expert models into a unified model without additional training. Existing state-of-the-art techniques, such as Task Arithmetic and its variants, merge models by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenju Sun , Qingyong Li , Yangli-ao Geng , Boyang Li

Video large language models (LLMs) achieve strong video understanding by leveraging a large number of spatio-temporal tokens, but suffer from quadratic computational scaling with token count. To address this, we propose a training-free…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jeongseok Hyun , Sukjun Hwang , Su Ho Han , Taeoh Kim , Inwoong Lee , Dongyoon Wee , Joon-Young Lee , Seon Joo Kim , Minho Shim

Although Vision Transformers (ViTs) have become the standard architecture in computer vision, their massive sizes lead to significant computational overhead. Token compression techniques have attracted considerable attention to address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jaeyeon Lee , Dong-Wan Choi

Generative depth estimation methods leverage the rich visual priors stored in pre-trained text-to-image diffusion models, demonstrating astonishing zero-shot capability. However, parameter updates during training lead to catastrophic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hongkai Lin , Dingkang Liang , Mingyang Du , Xin Zhou , Xiang Bai

Merge conflicts created by software team members working on the same code can be costly to resolve, and adversely affect productivity. In this work, we suggest the approach of fine-grained merge conflict awareness, where software team…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Stanislav Levin , Amiram Yehudai

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance in code generation and understanding tasks, yet their high computational costs hinder broader adoption. One important factor is the inherent verbosity of programming languages,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Zhensu Sun , Chengran Yang , Xiaoning Du , Zhou Yang , Li Li , David Lo

Developing complex software requires that multiple views and versions of the software can be developed in parallel and merged as supported by views and managed by version control systems. In this context, this paper considers monitoring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Matthias Barkowsky , Holger Giese