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We study the class of planar Feynman integrals that can be constructed by sequentially intersecting traintrack diagrams without forming a closed traintrack loop. After describing how to derive a $2L$-fold integral representation of any…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-22 Andrew J. McLeod , Matt von Hippel

Using loop-tree duality, we relate a renormalised $n$-point $l$-loop amplitude in a quantum field theory to a phase-space integral of a regularised $l$-fold forward limit of a UV-subtracted $(n+2l)$-point tree-amplitude-like object. We show…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-07-01 Robert Runkel , Zoltán Szőr , Juan Pablo Vesga , Stefan Weinzierl

We formulate new integration rules for one-loop scattering equations analogous to those at tree-level, and test them in a number of non-trivial cases for amplitudes in scalar $\phi^3$-theory. This formalism greatly facilitates the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-20 Christian Baadsgaard , N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Jacob L. Bourjaily , Poul H. Damgaard , Bo Feng

We show how studying leading singularities of Feynman diagrams, when all momenta are complex, gives a simple way of writing multi-loop and multi-particle scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills. The simplicity of the method is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-03-14 Freddy Cachazo

It was recently discovered by Arkani-Hamed et al and Cao et al that the colour-ordered scattering amplitudes of Tr$(\Phi^3)$, the non-linear sigma model and Yang-Mills-scalar vanish at specific loci. We build on this observation and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-31 Yang Li , Diederik Roest , Tonnis ter Veldhuis

A comprehensive study is performed of two-loop Feynman diagrams with three external legs which, due to the exchange of massless gauge-bosons, give raise to infrared and collinear divergencies. Their relevance in assembling realistic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Giampiero Passarino , Sandro Uccirati

In this review, we discuss recent developments concerning efficient calculations of multi-loop multi-leg scattering amplitudes. Inspired by the remarkable properties of the Loop-Tree Duality (LTD), we explain how to reconstruct an integrand…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-30 German F. R. Sborlini

In this paper, we study the singularities of Feynman integrals using homological techniques. We analyse the Feynman integrals by compactifying the integration domain as well as the ambient space by embedding them in higher-dimensional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-06 Tanay Pathak , Ramesh Sreekantan

Recently the Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) approach has been extended to loop level, but the resulting loop integrand has propagators that are linear in the loop momentum unlike Feynman's. In this note we present a new technique that directly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-24 Humberto Gomez

First results towards a general method for asymptotic expansions of Feynman amplitudes in the loop-tree duality (LTD) formalism are presented. The asymptotic expansion takes place at integrand-level in the Euclidean space of the loop…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-05-05 Judith Plenter , Germán Rodrigo

We introduce an algorithm that samples a set of loop momenta distributed as a given Feynman integrand. The algorithm uses the tropical sampling method and can be applied to evaluate phase-space-type integrals efficiently. We provide an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-17 Michael Borinsky , Mathijs Fraaije

We present an extension of the duality theorem, previously defined by S. Catani et al. on the one-loop level, to higher loop orders. The duality theorem provides a relation between loop integrals and tree-level phase-space integrals. Here,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-12-13 Isabella Bierenbaum

Multi-loop scattering amplitudes/null polygonal Wilson loops in ${\mathcal N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills are known to simplify significantly in reduced kinematics, where external legs/edges lie in an $1+1$ dimensional subspace of Minkowski…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-27 Song He , Zhenjie Li , Yichao Tang , Qinglin Yang

We introduce a new method to evaluate algebraic integrals over the simplex numerically. This new approach employs techniques from tropical geometry and exceeds the capabilities of existing numerical methods by an order of magnitude. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-10-23 Michael Borinsky

We propose a loop-level generalization of the inverse string theory Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) kernel: the planar inverse KLT integrand. The integrand is defined constructively via a novel Berends-Giele-like recursion that exposes the inverse…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-18 Christoph Bartsch , Karol Kampf , Jiří Novotný , Jaroslav Trnka

We show how to obtain correctly normalized expressions for the Feynman diagrams of $\Phi^3$ theory with an internal $U(N)$ symmetry group, starting from tachyon amplitudes of the open bosonic string, and suitably performing the zero--slope…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Paolo Di Vecchia , Alberto Lerda , Lorenzo Magnea , Raffaele Marotta , Rodolfo Russo

We propose a new splitting behavior of tree-level string/particle amplitudes for scalars, gluons and gravitons. We identify certain subspaces in the space of Mandelstam variables, where the universal Koba-Nielsen factor splits into two…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-23 Qu Cao , Jin Dong , Song He , Canxin Shi

We derive closed-form expressions for the poles and zeros of approximate fractional integrator/differentiator filters, which correspond to spectral roll-off filters having any desired log-log slope to a controllable degree of accuracy over…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Julius Orion Smith , Harrison Freeman Smith

Recently presented explicit formulae for asymptotic expansions of Feynman diagrams in the Sudakov limit are applied to typical two-loop diagrams. For a diagram with one non-zero mass these formulae provide an algorithm for analytical…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-30 V. A. Smirnov

Feynman integral reduction based on intersection theory provides an alternative to the traditional integration-by-parts method, yet its practical application has been constrained by the large number of variables required in the computation.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-08 Li-Hong Huang , Yan-Qing Ma , Ziwen Wang , Li Lin Yang