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Two-time-scale Stochastic Approximation (SA) is an iterative algorithm with applications in reinforcement learning and optimization. Prior finite time analysis of such algorithms has focused on fixed point iterations with mappings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Siddharth Chandak , Shaan Ul Haque , Nicholas Bambos

Stochastic approximation (SA) and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms are work-horses for modern machine learning algorithms. Their constant stepsize variants are preferred in practice due to fast convergence behavior. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Zaiwei Chen , Shancong Mou , Siva Theja Maguluri

This paper compiles several aspects of the dynamics of stochastic approximation algorithms with Markov iterate-dependent noise when the iterates are not known to be stable beforehand. We achieve the same by extending the lock-in probability…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-02-22 Prasenjit Karmakar , Shalabh Bhatnagar

The theory of stochastic approximations form the theoretical foundation for studying convergence properties of many popular recursive learning algorithms in statistics, machine learning and statistical physics. Large deviations for…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-05 Henrik Hult , Adam Lindhe , Pierre Nyquist , Guo-Jhen Wu

Stochastic approximation (SA) is an iterative algorithm for finding the fixed point of an operator using noisy samples and widely used in optimization and Reinforcement Learning (RL). The noise in RL exhibits a Markovian structure, and in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shaan Ul Haque , Sajad Khodadadian , Siva Theja Maguluri

This paper studies the exponential stability of random matrix products driven by a general (possibly unbounded) state space Markov chain. It is a cornerstone in the analysis of stochastic algorithms in machine learning (e.g. for parameter…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-02 Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines , Alexey Naumov , Sergey Samsonov , Hoi-To Wai

Stochastic approximation is a framework unifying many random iterative algorithms occurring in a diverse range of applications. The stability of the process is often difficult to verify in practical applications and the process may even be…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-03-10 Christophe Andrieu , Matti Vihola

We establish new conditions for obtaining uniform bounds on the moments of discrete-time stochastic processes. Our results require a weak negative drift criterion along with a state-dependent restriction on the sizes of the one-step jumps…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-02 Arnab Ganguly , Debasish Chatterjee

We study stochastic approximation procedures for approximately solving a $d$-dimensional linear fixed point equation based on observing a trajectory of length $n$ from an ergodic Markov chain. We first exhibit a non-asymptotic bound of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Wenlong Mou , Ashwin Pananjady , Martin J. Wainwright , Peter L. Bartlett

The stability of iterations of affine linear maps $\Psi_{n}(x)=A_{n}x+B_{n}$, $n=1,2,\ldots$, is studied in the presence of a Markovian environment, more precisely, for the situation when $(A_{n},B_{n})_{n\ge 1}$ is modulated by an ergodic…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-03-09 Gerold Alsmeyer , Fabian Buckmann

This paper investigates the stability and convergence properties of asynchronous stochastic approximation (SA) algorithms, with a focus on extensions relevant to average-reward reinforcement learning. We first extend a stability proof…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Huizhen Yu , Yi Wan , Richard S. Sutton

We consider the minimization of an objective function given access to unbiased estimates of its gradient through stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with constant step-size. While the detailed analysis was only performed for quadratic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-12 Aymeric Dieuleveut , Alain Durmus , Francis Bach

This paper presents the first sufficient conditions that guarantee the stability and almost sure convergence of multi-timescale stochastic approximation (SA) iterates. It extends the existing results on one-timescale and two-timescale SA…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Rohan Deb , Swetha Ganesh , Shalabh Bhatnagar

We investigate the weak order of convergence for space-time discrete approximations of semilinear parabolic stochastic evolution equations driven by additive square-integrable L\'evy noise. To this end, the Malliavin regularity of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-28 Adam Andersson , Felix Lindner

We study weighted Tikhonov regularization for large-scale linear discrete ill-posed problems with random noise. Under a polynomial upper-bound assumption on the generalized eigenvalues of the discrete forward operator, we derive stochastic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Duan-Peng Ling , Wenlong Zhang

This paper studies the performative prediction problem which optimizes a stochastic loss function with data distribution that depends on the decision variable. We consider a setting where the agent(s) provides samples adapted to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-05 Qiang Li , Hoi-To Wai

In this paper we develop a new approach to nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with Gaussian noise. Our aim is to provide an abstract framework which is applicable to a large class of SPDEs and includes many important cases…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-02 Antonio Agresti , Mark Veraar

In this paper, we study the convergence properties of the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) method for finding a stationary point of a given objective function $J(\cdot)$. The objective function is not required to be convex. Rather, our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-24 Rajeeva L. Karandikar , M. Vidyasagar

We study a stochastically perturbed version of the well-known Krasnoselski--Mann iteration for computing fixed points of nonexpansive maps in finite dimensional normed spaces. We discuss sufficient conditions on the stochastic noise and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-04 Mario Bravo , Roberto Cominetti

Motivated by applications in large-scale and multi-agent reinforcement learning, we study the non-asymptotic performance of stochastic approximation (SA) schemes with delayed updates under Markovian sampling. While the effect of delays has…