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Continual learning studies agents that learn from streams of tasks without forgetting previous ones while adapting to new ones. Two recent continual-learning scenarios have opened new avenues of research. In meta-continual learning, the…

Biological neural networks are capable of recruiting different sets of neurons to encode different memories. However, when training artificial neural networks on a set of tasks, typically, no mechanism is employed for selectively producing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Matthew J. Tilley , Michelle Miller , David J. Freedman

Machine learning-based interatomic potentials and force fields depend critically on accurate atomic structures, yet such data are scarce due to the limited availability of experimentally resolved crystals. Although atomic-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yaotian Yang , Yiwen Tang , Yizhe Chen , Xiao Chen , Jiangjie Qiu , Hao Xiong , Haoyu Yin , Zhiyao Luo , Yifei Zhang , Sijia Tao , Wentao Li , Qinghua Zhang , Yuqiang Li , Wanli Ouyang , Bin Zhao , Xiaonan Wang , Fei Wei

Atomic-scale modeling has advanced rapidly through integration of machine learning, yet a key bottleneck remains. Even with an accurate potential energy surface and a clear target material, we still lack a practical atomistic dynamics…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-05-18 Wonseok Jeong , Francesca Tavazza , Brian DeCost

Amortized Bayesian Inference (ABI) enables efficient posterior estimation using generative neural networks trained on simulated data, but often suffers from performance degradation under model misspecification. While self-consistency (SC)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Aayush Mishra , Šimon Kucharský , Paul-Christian Bürkner

Contemporary machine learning models, including large language models, exhibit remarkable capabilities in static tasks yet falter in non-stationary environments due to rigid architectures that hinder continual adaptation and lifelong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Akbar Anbar Jafari , Cagri Ozcinar , Gholamreza Anbarjafari

Traditional continual learning methods prioritize knowledge retention and focus primarily on mitigating catastrophic forgetting, implicitly assuming that the data distribution of previously learned tasks remains static. This overlooks the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Alif Ashrafee , Jedrzej Kozal , Michal Wozniak , Bartosz Krawczyk

In studying solidification process by simulations on the atomic scale, the modeling of crystal nucleation or amorphisation requires the construction of interatomic interactions that are able to reproduce the properties of both the solid and…

Analysing learning in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) environments is challenging, in particular with respect to \textit{individual} decision-making. Practitioners frequently struggle to compare training runs due to the inherent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 James Rudd-Jones , María Pérez-Ortiz , Mirco Musolesi

Large Language Model based multi-agent systems (MAS) excel at collaborative problem solving but remain brittle to cascading errors: a single faulty step can propagate across agents and disrupt the trajectory. In this paper, we present MASC,…

Multi-time-scale stochastic approximation is an iterative algorithm for finding the fixed point of a set of $N$ coupled operators given their noisy samples. It has been observed that due to the coupling between the decision variables and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Sihan Zeng , Thinh T. Doan

The pursuit of long-term autonomy mandates that machine learning models must continuously adapt to their changing environments and learn to solve new tasks. Continual learning seeks to overcome the challenge of catastrophic forgetting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Jack Foster , Alexandra Brintrup

Humans learn and form memories in stochastic environments. Auto-associative memory systems model these processes by storing patterns and later recovering them from corrupted versions. Here, memories are learned by associating each pattern…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Qin He , Jing Shuang Li

Adapting a single agent to a new multi-agent system brings challenges, necessitating adjustments across various tasks, environments, and interactions with unknown teammates and opponents. Addressing this challenge is highly complex, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Chenxu Wang , Yonggang Jin , Cheng Hu , Youpeng Zhao , Zipeng Dai , Jian Zhao , Shiyu Huang , Liuyu Xiang , Junge Zhang , Zhaofeng He

Large language model (LLM) agents have emerged as powerful tools for complex tasks, yet their ability to adapt to individual users remains fundamentally limited. We argue this limitation stems from a critical architectural conflation:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Deepak Babu Piskala

The rise of large language model (LLM)-powered agents is transforming services computing, moving it beyond static, request-driven functions toward dynamic, goal-oriented, and socially embedded multi-agent ecosystems. We propose Agentic…

Can a scientific simulation system be physically consistent, interpretable by design, and scalable across regimes--all at once? Despite decades of progress, this trifecta remains elusive. Classical methods like Kinetic Monte Carlo ensure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Qi Li , Kun Li , Haozhi Han , Honghui Shang , Xinfu He , Yunquan Zhang , Hong An , Ting Cao , Mao Yang

Dense Associative Memory (DAM) models have been attracting renewed attention since they were shown to be robust to adversarial examples and closely related to cutting edge machine learning paradigms, such as the attention mechanism and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Robin Thériault , Daniele Tantari

Reinforcement learning (RL) has substantially improved the ability of large language model (LLM) agents to interact with environments and solve multi-turn tasks. However, effective agentic RL remains challenging: sparse outcome-only rewards…

We demonstrate how collective memory emerges in decentralized multi-agent systems through the interplay between individual agent memory and environmental trace communication. Our agents maintain internal memory states while depositing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Khushiyant
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