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Existing benchmarks for tool-using LLM agents primarily report single-run success rates and miss reliability properties required in production. We introduce \textbf{ReliabilityBench}, a benchmark for evaluating agent reliability across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aayush Gupta

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents capable of acting in open-ended environments, ensuring behavioral alignment with human values becomes a critical safety concern. Existing benchmarks, focused on static,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Weixiang Zhao , Haozhen Li , Yanyan Zhao , xuda zhi , Yongbo Huang , Hao He , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Recent advances in language model (LM) agents and function calling have enabled autonomous, feedback-driven systems to solve problems across various digital domains. To better understand the unique limitations of LM agents, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Dhruv Gautam , Spandan Garg , Jinu Jang , Neel Sundaresan , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

Task automation has been greatly empowered by the recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) via Python code, where the tasks ranging from software engineering development to general-purpose reasoning. While current benchmarks have…

Travel planning is a natural real-world task to test large language models' (LLMs) planning and tool-use abilities. Although prior work has studied LLM performance on travel planning, existing settings still differ from real-world needs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xiang Cheng , Yulan Hu , Xiangwen Zhang , Lu Xu , Lide Tan , Zheng Pan , Xin Li , Yong Liu

CAPTCHAs have been a critical bottleneck for deploying web agents in real-world applications, often blocking them from completing end-to-end automation tasks. While modern multimodal LLM agents have demonstrated impressive performance in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yaxin Luo , Zhaoyi Li , Jiacheng Liu , Jiacheng Cui , Xiaohan Zhao , Zhiqiang Shen

Large language model (LLM) agents have exhibited strong problem-solving competence across domains like research and coding. Yet, it remains underexplored whether LLM agents can tackle compounding real-world problems that require a diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hanwen Xu , Xuyao Huang , Yuzhe Liu , Kai Yu , Zhijie Deng

With the development and widespread application of large language models (LLMs), the new paradigm of "Model as Product" is rapidly evolving, and demands higher capabilities to address complex user needs, often requiring precise workflow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Tao Zou , Xinghua Zhang , Haiyang Yu , Minzheng Wang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

LLM-based agents have emerged as promising tools, which are crafted to fulfill complex tasks by iterative planning and action. However, these agents are susceptible to undesired planning hallucinations when lacking specific knowledge for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Ruixuan Xiao , Wentao Ma , Ke Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Junbo Zhao , Haobo Wang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Current LLM agents are proficient at calling isolated APIs but struggle with the "last mile" of commercial software automation. In real-world scenarios, tools are not independent; they are atomic, interdependent, and prone to environmental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuanyang Li , Xue Yang , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Hongyang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in front-end code generation. However, existing benchmarks exhibit several critical limitations: many tasks are overly simplistic, test cases often lack rigor, and end-to-end…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hongda Zhu , Yiwen Zhang , Bing Zhao , Jingzhe Ding , Siyao Liu , Tong Liu , Dandan Wang , Yanan Liu , Zhaojian Li

LLM-based agents represent a paradigm shift in AI, enabling autonomous systems to plan, reason, and use tools while interacting with dynamic environments. This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of evaluation methods for these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Alan Li , Guy Uziel , Yilun Zhao , Roy Bar-Haim , Arman Cohan , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Recent advancements extend Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) beyond standard visual question answering to utilizing external tools for advanced visual tasks. Despite this progress, precisely executing and effectively composing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xuanyu Zhu , Yuhao Dong , Rundong Wang , Yang Shi , Zhipeng Wu , Yinlun Peng , YiFan Zhang , Yihang Lou , Yuanxing Zhang , Ziwei Liu , Yan Bai , Yuan Zhou

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) as general-purpose agents is essential for understanding their capabilities and facilitating their integration into practical applications. However, the evaluation process presents substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Chang Ma , Junlei Zhang , Zhihao Zhu , Cheng Yang , Yujiu Yang , Yaohui Jin , Zhenzhong Lan , Lingpeng Kong , Junxian He

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed as autonomous agents capable of following user instructions and making decisions in real-world applications. Previous studies have made notable progress in benchmarking the instruction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Lingxiao Diao , Xinyue Xu , Wanxuan Sun , Cheng Yang , Zhuosheng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents show great promise in accelerating scientific research. Existing benchmarks for measuring this potential and guiding future development continue to evolve from pure recall and rote knowledge…

Tool calling has emerged as a critical capability for AI agents. In contrast to conventional tool calling frameworks that rely on static, provider-specific tool definitions, the Model Context Protocol (MCP) offers a unified interface to…

Instruction following is one of the fundamental capabilities of large language models (LLMs). As the ability of LLMs is constantly improving, they have been increasingly applied to deal with complex human instructions in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Bosi Wen , Pei Ke , Xiaotao Gu , Lindong Wu , Hao Huang , Jinfeng Zhou , Wenchuang Li , Binxin Hu , Wendy Gao , Jiaxin Xu , Yiming Liu , Jie Tang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

We introduce SpreadsheetBench, a challenging spreadsheet manipulation benchmark exclusively derived from real-world scenarios, designed to immerse current large language models (LLMs) in the actual workflow of spreadsheet users. Unlike…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zeyao Ma , Bohan Zhang , Jing Zhang , Jifan Yu , Xiaokang Zhang , Xiaohan Zhang , Sijia Luo , Xi Wang , Jie Tang

Much previous AI research has focused on developing monolithic models to maximize their intelligence, with the primary goal of enhancing performance on specific tasks. In contrast, this work attempts to study using LLM-based agents to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiangyuan Xue , Zeyu Lu , Di Huang , Zidong Wang , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai