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Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a promising technique for reducing the high computational demand of large language models (LLMs). However, previous KD methods are primarily applied to white-box classification models or training small models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuxian Gu , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Minlie Huang

Since the advent of reasoning-based large language models, many have found great success from distilling reasoning capabilities into student models. Such techniques have significantly bridged the gap between reasoning and standard LLMs on…

Recent reinforcement learning (RL) post-training approaches primarily optimize the final output policy using sparse outcome-level rewards, while largely overlooking predictive signals encoded in intermediate representations. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xinyu Liu , Darryl Cherian Jacob , Yang Zhou , Jindong Wang , Pan He

Online Continual Learning (OCL) addresses the problem of training neural networks on a continuous data stream where multiple classification tasks emerge in sequence. In contrast to offline Continual Learning, data can be seen only once in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Nicolas Michel , Maorong Wang , Ling Xiao , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Function Calling is a crucial technique that enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to interact with external systems through APIs. However, the high latency associated with LLM-based Function Calling significantly impacts user experience.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hanlong Zhang , Jingsheng Yang , Hao Li , Yuhao He , Franck Gong

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) and off-policy learning (OPL) are foundational for decision-making in offline contextual bandits. Recent advances in OPL primarily optimize OPE estimators with improved statistical properties, assuming that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-04 Imad Aouali , Otmane Sakhi

On-policy distillation has recently emerged as a promising alternative to standard sequence-level imitation, training a student by scoring its own rollouts with a teacher model. However, we observe ``Off-policy Teacher Decay'' problem in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhou Ziheng , Jiaqi Li , Huacong Tang , Ying Nian Wu , Demetri Terzopoulos

On-policy self-distillation (SD) improves LLM reasoning by using teacher-side privileged information (PI) to turn sparse verifier outcomes into dense token-level supervision. Existing methods usually assume trusted PI, such as reference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiazhen Huang , Xiao Chen , Xiao Luo , Yong Dai , Senkang Hu , Yuzhi Zhao

Facilitating online learning in spiking neural networks (SNNs) is a key step in developing event-based models that can adapt to changing environments and learn from continuous data streams in real-time. Although forward-mode differentiation…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Thomas Summe , Clemens JS Schaefer , Siddharth Joshi

Self-supervised representation learning has proved to be a valuable component for out-of-distribution (OoD) detection with only the texts of in-distribution (ID) examples. These approaches either train a language model from scratch or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Qianhui Wu , Huiqiang Jiang , Haonan Yin , Börje F. Karlsson , Chin-Yew Lin

Despite the advanced intelligence abilities of large language models (LLMs) in various applications, they still face significant computational and storage demands. Knowledge Distillation (KD) has emerged as an effective strategy to improve…

Offline policy learning (OPL) leverages existing data collected a priori for policy optimization without any active exploration. Despite the prevalence and recent interest in this problem, its theoretical and algorithmic foundations in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Sunil Gupta , A. Tuan Nguyen , Svetha Venkatesh

The problem of Offline Policy Evaluation (OPE) in Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a critical step towards applying RL in real-life applications. Existing work on OPE mostly focus on evaluating a fixed target policy $\pi$, which does not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Ming Yin , Yu Bai , Yu-Xiang Wang

Recent deep metric learning (DML) methods typically leverage solely class labels to keep positive samples far away from negative ones. However, this type of method normally ignores the crucial knowledge hidden in the data (e.g., intra-class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Zelong Zeng , Fan Yang , Hong Liu , Shin'ichi Satoh

Knowledge Distillation has been established as a highly promising approach for training compact and faster models by transferring knowledge from heavyweight and powerful models. However, KD in its conventional version constitutes an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Maria Tzelepi , Anastasios Tefas

Knowledge Distillation (KD) compresses large language models (LLMs) by transferring the teacher model's capabilities to a smaller student model, reducing inference cost and memory usage while maintaining performance. However, existing KD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Lingyuan Liu , Mengxiang Zhang

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a standard route to compress Large Language Models (LLMs) into compact students, yet most pipelines uniformly apply token-wise loss regardless of teacher confidence. This indiscriminate supervision amplifies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Haiduo Huang , Jiangcheng Song , Yadong Zhang , Pengju Ren

Offline policy evaluation is a fundamental statistical problem in reinforcement learning that involves estimating the value function of some decision-making policy given data collected by a potentially different policy. In order to tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Juan C. Perdomo , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Peter Bartlett , Sham Kakade

We present Optimal Completion Distillation (OCD), a training procedure for optimizing sequence to sequence models based on edit distance. OCD is efficient, has no hyper-parameters of its own, and does not require pretraining or joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Sara Sabour , William Chan , Mohammad Norouzi

This work studies the statistical limits of uniform convergence for offline policy evaluation (OPE) problems with model-based methods (for episodic MDP) and provides a unified framework towards optimal learning for several well-motivated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Ming Yin , Yu-Xiang Wang