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Diffusion language models offer a compelling alternative to autoregressive code generation, enabling global planning and iterative refinement of complex program logic. However, existing approaches fail to respect the rigid structure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Anton Xue , Litu Rout , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai

Scene flow estimation, which aims to predict per-point 3D displacements of dynamic scenes, is a fundamental task in the computer vision field. However, previous works commonly suffer from unreliable correlation caused by locally constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Jiuming Liu , Guangming Wang , Weicai Ye , Chaokang Jiang , Jinru Han , Zhe Liu , Guofeng Zhang , Dalong Du , Hesheng Wang

While diffusion language models (DLMs) have achieved competitive performance in text generation, improving their reasoning ability with reinforcement learning remains an active research area. Here, we introduce d2, a reasoning framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Guanghan Wang , Gilad Turok , Yair Schiff , Marianne Arriola , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Inference from large autoregressive models like Transformers is slow - decoding K tokens takes K serial runs of the model. In this work we introduce speculative decoding - an algorithm to sample from autoregressive models faster without any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Yaniv Leviathan , Matan Kalman , Yossi Matias

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have demonstrated promising generative capabilities and are increasingly used to produce formal languages defined by context-free grammars, such as source code and chemical expressions. However, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yitong Zhang , Yongmin Li , Yuetong Liu , Jia Li , Xiaoran Jia , Zherui Li , Ge Li

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference using a smaller draft model. In this paper, we establish a surprising connection between speculative decoding and channel simulation, which aims at simulating a noisy channel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Szymon Kobus , Deniz Gündüz

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks but suffer from high inference latency due to their autoregressive generation. Speculative Decoding (SPD) mitigates this issue by verifying candidate tokens in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Jinze Li , Yixing Xu , Guanchen Li , Shuo Yang , Jinfeng Xu , Xuanwu Yin , Dong Li , Edith C. H. Ngai , Emad Barsoum

Speculative Decoding has emerged as a popular technique for accelerating inference in Large Language Models. However, most existing approaches yield only modest improvements in production serving systems. Methods that achieve substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Michele Marzollo , Jiawei Zhuang , Niklas Roemer , Niklas Zwingenberger , Lorenz K. Müller , Lukas Cavigelli

We introduce the Diffusion Chain of Lateral Thought (DCoLT), a reasoning framework for diffusion language models. DCoLT treats each intermediate step in the reverse diffusion process as a latent "thinking" action and optimizes the entire…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zemin Huang , Zhiyang Chen , Zijun Wang , Tiancheng Li , Guo-Jun Qi

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates large language model (LLM) reasoning by using a small draft model to generate candidate tokens, which the target LLM either accepts directly or regenerates upon rejection. However, excessive alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Tiancheng Su , Meicong Zhang , Guoxiu He

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by allowing a small draft model to predict multiple future tokens for verification by a larger target model. In AI-native radio access networks (AI-RAN), this enables…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Ce Zheng , Ke Zhang , Chen Sun , Wenqi Zhang , Qiong Liu , Angesom Ataklity Tesfay

We propose TETRIS, a novel method that optimizes the total throughput of batch speculative decoding in multi-request settings. Unlike existing methods that optimize for a single request or a group of requests as a whole, TETRIS actively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhaoxuan Wu , Zijian Zhou , Arun Verma , Alok Prakash , Daniela Rus , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Modern autoregressive speech synthesis models leveraging language models have demonstrated remarkable performance. However, the sequential nature of next token prediction in these models leads to significant latency, hindering their…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zijian Lin , Yang Zhang , Yougen Yuan , Yuming Yan , Jinjiang Liu , Zhiyong Wu , Pengfei Hu , Qun Yu

Speculative decoding has become a widely adopted as an effective technique for lossless inference acceleration when deploying large language models (LLMs). While on-the-fly self-speculative methods offer seamless integration and broad…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhiyuan Ning , Jiawei Shao , Ruge Xu , Xinfei Guo , Jun Zhang , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li

Diffusion language models offer parallel token generation and inherent bidirectionality, promising more efficient and powerful sequence modeling compared to autoregressive approaches. However, state-of-the-art diffusion models (e.g., Dream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Zhanqiu Hu , Jian Meng , Yash Akhauri , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Jae-sun Seo , Zhiru Zhang , Udit Gupta

The escalating demand for efficient decoding in large language models (LLMs) is particularly critical for reasoning-intensive architectures like OpenAI-o3 and DeepSeek-R1, which depend on extended chain-of-thought reasoning. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Siyuan Yan , Mo Zhu , Guo-qing Jiang , Jianfei Wang , Jiaxing Chen , Wentai Zhang , Xiang Liao , Xiao Cui , Chen Zhang , Zhuoran Song , Ran Zhu

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference by using a smaller draft model to speculate tokens that a larger target model verifies. Verification is often the bottleneck (e.g. verification is $4\times$ slower than token generation when a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Avinash Kumar , Sujay Sanghavi , Poulami Das

This paper shows how diffusion language models (DLMs) can be used as effective and efficient retrievers. Existing DLM-based retrievers (e.g., DiffEmbed) follow BERT-style encoding, representing each query or passage as a single mean-pooled…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shuai Wang , Yu Yin , Shengyao Zhuang , Bevan Koopman , Guido Zuccon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential in advancing natural language processing (NLP) tasks, but their sequential token generation limits inference speed. Multi-Draft Speculative Decoding (MDSD) offers a promising solution by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ryan Sun , Tianyi Zhou , Xun Chen , Lichao Sun

Decision trees and diffusion models are ostensibly disparate model classes, one discrete and hierarchical, the other continuous and dynamic. This work unifies the two by establishing a crisp mathematical correspondence between hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sai Niranjan Ramachandran , Suvrit Sra
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