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We show how local constraints can globally "shatter" Hilbert space into subsectors, leading to an unexpected dynamics with features reminiscent of both many body localization and quantum scars. A crisp example of this phenomenon is provided…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-20 Vedika Khemani , Rahul Nandkishore

Hilbert space fragmentation, as it is currently investigated, primarily originates from specific kinematic constraints or emergent conservation laws in many-body systems with translation invariance. It leads to non-ergodic dynamics and…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-10-23 Ishita Modak , Rajesh Narayanan , Ferdinand Evers , Soumya Bera

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis describes how isolated many-body quantum systems reach thermal equilibrium. However, quantum many-body scars and Hilbert space fragmentation violate this hypothesis and cause nonthermal behavior. We…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-08-06 Pieter H. Harkema , Michael Iversen , Anne E. B. Nielsen

In a strongly interacting Rydberg atom array, the dynamics are often constrained to the decoupled Hilbert subspaces, representing an intriguing paradigm for nonergodicity. By considering a variable detuning of the global Rydberg coupling,…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2026-05-05 Wen-Jie Geng , Zhenming Zhang , Wei Yi

We establish new and different kinds of proofs of properties that arise due to the orthogonal decomposition of the Hilbert space, including projections, over the unit interval of one dimension. We also see angles between functions,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-10-28 Dejenie A. Lakew

Isolated interacting quantum systems generally thermalize, yet there are several examples for the breakdown of ergodicity, such as many-body localization and quantum scars. Recently, ergodicity breaking has been observed in systems…

We develop a Hilbert space framework for a number of general multi-scale problems from dynamics. The aim is to identify a spectral theory for a class of systems based on iterations of a non-invertible endomorphism. We are motivated by the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dorin Ervin Dutkay , Palle E. T. Jorgensen

The fully frustrated ladder - a quasi-1D geometrically frustrated spin one half Heisenberg model - is non-integrable with local conserved quantities on rungs of the ladder, inducing the fragmentation of the Hilbert space into sectors…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-13 Dominik Hahn , Paul A. McClarty , David J. Luitz

We discuss the effects of exponential fragmentation of the Hilbert space on phase transitions in the context of coupled ferromagnetic Ising models in arbitrary dimension with special emphasis on the one dimensional case. We show that the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-02-18 Pranay Patil , Anders W. Sandvik

We introduce the Krylov distribution $\mathcal{D}(\xi)$, a static Krylov-space diagnostic that characterizes how inverse-energy response is organized in Hilbert space. The central object is the resolvent-dressed state…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-17 Mohsen Alishahiha , Mohammad Javad Vasli

Spread complexity uses the distribution of support of a time-evolving state in the Krylov basis to quantify dispersal across accessible dimensions of a Hilbert space. Here, we describe how variations in initial conditions, the Hamiltonian,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-19 Vijay Balasubramanian , Pawel Caputa , Joan Simón

We study many-body localization (MBL) in a pair-hopping model exhibiting strong fragmentation of the Hilbert space. We show that several Krylov subspaces have both ergodic statistics in the thermodynamic limit and a dimension that scales…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-04-28 Loïc Herviou , Jens H. Bardarson , N. Regnault

Decomposition systems with rapidly decaying elements (needlets) based on Hermite functions are introduced and explored. It is proved that the Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces on $\R^d$ induced by Hermite expansions can be characterized in…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Pencho Petrushev , Yuan Xu

We study Hilbert space fragmentation and quantum scars in quantum spin systems with Ising interactions. The system consists of two sets of quantum spins, A and B. As the parent system, set A is an Ising model on arbitrary lattices with a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-06 E. S. Ma , Z. Song

An ultrametric topology formalizes the notion of hierarchical structure. An ultrametric embedding, referred to here as ultrametricity, is implied by a natural hierarchical embedding. Such hierarchical structure can be global in the data…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Fionn Murtagh

The question of thermalization in quantum many-body systems has long been studied through the properties of matrix elements of operators corresponding to local observables. More recently, the focus has shifted to the dynamics of operators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Vijay Ganesh Sadhasivam , Jan M. Rost , Stuart C. Althorpe

Ergodicity has been one of the fundamental concepts underpinning our understanding of thermalization in isolated systems since the first developments in classical statistical mechanics. Recently, a similar notion has been introduced for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-20 Leonard Logaric , John Goold , Shane Dooley

We investigate the gauging of higher-form finite Abelian symmetries and their sub-groups in quantum spin models in spatial dimensions $d=2$ and 3. Doing so, we naturally uncover gauged models with dual higher-group symmetries and potential…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-03-19 Heidar Moradi , Ömer M. Aksoy , Jens H. Bardarson , Apoorv Tiwari

We introduce a new route to Hilbert space fragmentation in high dimensions leveraging the group-word formalism. We show that taking strongly fragmented models in one dimension and "lifting" to higher dimensions using subsystem symmetries…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-04 Charles Stahl , Oliver Hart , Alexey Khudorozhkov , Rahul Nandkishore

We study the model theory of expansions of Hilbert spaces by generic predicates. We first prove the existence of model companions for generic expansions of Hilbert spaces in the form first of a distance function to a random substructure,…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-03-22 Alexander Berenstein , Tapani Hyttinen , Andrés Villaveces