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Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities across a variety of tasks, especially when equipped with carefully designed visual prompts. However, existing studies primarily focus on logical reasoning and visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Dingning Liu , Cheng Wang , Peng Gao , Renrui Zhang , Xinzhu Ma , Yuan Meng , Zhihui Wang

Existing alignment techniques for Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), typically treat the model as a monolithic entity, applying uniform optimization pressure across all layers. This approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yukun Zhang , Qi Dong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant advancements in recent years, with visual features playing an increasingly critical role in enhancing model performance. However, the integration of multi-layer visual features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Junyan Lin , Haoran Chen , Yue Fan , Yingqi Fan , Xin Jin , Hui Su , Jinlan Fu , Xiaoyu Shen

We study rigid-body motion planning through multiple sequential narrow openings, which requires long-horizon geometric reasoning because the configuration used to traverse an early opening constrains the set of reachable configurations for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Al Jaber Mahmud , Xuan Wang

Generating editable, parametric CAD models from a single image holds great potential to lower the barriers of industrial concept design. However, current multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) still struggle with accurately inferring 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yinghui Wang , Xinyu Zhang , Peng Du

Geospatial reasoning requires solving image-grounded problems over the complex spatial structure of a scene. However, developing this capability is hindered by the cost of annotating a vast and combinatorial question space. We propose GeoX,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kyeongjin Ahn , Seungeon Lee , Krishna P. Gummadi , Meeyoung Cha

Regular updates are essential for maintaining up-to-date knowledge in large language models (LLMs). Consequently, various model editing methods have been developed to update specific knowledge within LLMs. However, training-based approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yujie Feng , Liming Zhan , Zexin Lu , Yongxin Xu , Xu Chu , Yasha Wang , Jiannong Cao , Philip S. Yu , Xiao-Ming Wu

Vision--language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on many multimodal benchmarks but remain brittle on spatial reasoning tasks that require aligning abstract overhead representations with egocentric views. We introduce m2sv, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yosub Shin , Michael Buriek , Igor Molybog

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in 2D visual tasks but still exhibit limited physical spatial awareness when processing real-world visual streams. Recently, feed-forward geometric foundation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Chongyu Wang , Ting Huang , Chunyu Sun , Xinyu Ning , Di Wang , Hao Tang

Recent advances in large vision-language models (VLMs) have shown significant promise for 3D scene understanding. Existing VLM-based approaches typically align 3D scene features with the VLM's embedding space. However, this implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chen Li , Eric Peh , Basura Fernando

Recognizing precise geometrical configurations of groups of objects is a key capability of human spatial cognition, yet little studied in the deep learning literature so far. In particular, a fundamental problem is how a machine can learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Laetitia Teodorescu , Katja Hofmann , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Faithful text rendering remains a persistent weakness of large text-to-image generative models, as it requires both semantic instruction following and fine-grained glyph-level structure. Prior methods often improve this ability through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Mingxuan Cui , Jingpu Yang , Fengxian Ji , Qian Jiang , Zhecheng Shi , Jiaming Wang , Zirui Song , Fajri Koto , Xiuying Chen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal models (MMs) have demonstrated their remarkable capabilities in problem-solving. Yet, their proficiency in tackling geometry math problems, which necessitates an integrated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Jiaxin Zhang , Zhongzhi Li , Mingliang Zhang , Fei Yin , Chenglin Liu , Yashar Moshfeghi

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) inherit the superior text understanding capabilities of LLMs and extend these capabilities to multimodal scenarios. These models achieve excellent results in the general domain of multimodal tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jinlong He , Pengfei Li , Gang Liu , Shenjun Zhong

Despite recent advancements in the Large Reconstruction Model (LRM) demonstrating impressive results, when extending its input from single image to multiple images, it exhibits inefficiencies, subpar geometric and texture quality, as well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mengfei Li , Xiaoxiao Long , Yixun Liang , Weiyu Li , Yuan Liu , Peng Li , Wenhan Luo , Wenping Wang , Yike Guo

Spatial reasoning is a fundamental capability for embodied intelligence, especially for fine-grained manipulation tasks such as robotic assembly. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit preliminary spatial awareness, they largely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhi Jing , Jinbin Qiao , Ouyang Lu , Jicong Ao , Shuang Qiu , Yu-Gang Jiang , Chenjia Bai

Spatial reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human cognition, enabling intuitive understanding and manipulation of objects in three-dimensional space. While foundation models demonstrate remarkable performance on some benchmarks, they still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Fan-Yun Sun , Weiyu Liu , Siyi Gu , Dylan Lim , Goutam Bhat , Federico Tombari , Manling Li , Nick Haber , Jiajun Wu

Spatial intelligence spans a rich suite of abilities, including visualising and transforming shapes, mentally rotating objects, judging relational positions and containment, and estimating numerosity. However, it still remains a critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Shijie Lian , Changti Wu , Laurence Tianruo Yang , Hang Yuan , Bin Yu , Lei Zhang , Kai Chen

Worldwide image geolocalization, which aims to predict the GPS coordinates of any image on Earth, remains challenging due to global visual diversity. Recent generative approaches based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Tung-Duong Le-Duc , Hoang-Quoc Nguyen-Son , Minh-Son Dao