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Object perception plays a fundamental role in Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA) which is regarded as a revolutionary promoter for the next-generation transportation systems. However, the vehicle-based perception may suffer from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Zhengwei Bai , Saswat Priyadarshi Nayak , Xuanpeng Zhao , Guoyuan Wu , Matthew J. Barth , Xuewei Qi , Yongkang Liu , Emrah Akin Sisbot , Kentaro Oguchi

Extensive evaluation of perception systems is crucial for ensuring the safety of intelligent vehicles in complex driving scenarios. Conventional performance metrics such as precision, recall and the F1-score assess the overall detection…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jörg Gamerdinger , Sven Teufel , Stephan Amann , Lukas Marc Listl , Oliver Bringmann

With the increasing safety validation requirements for the release of a self-driving car, alternative approaches, such as simulation-based testing, are emerging in addition to conventional real-world testing. In order to rely on virtual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Anthony Ngo , Max Paul Bauer , Michael Resch

Autonomous vehicles deployed in remote environments typically rely on embedded processors, compact batteries, and lightweight sensors. These hardware limitations conflict with the need to derive robust representations of the environment,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Timothy K Johnsen , Marco Levorato

Traditional framework of discriminative correlation filters (DCF) is often subject to undesired boundary effects. Several approaches to enlarge search regions have been already proposed in the past years to make up for this shortcoming.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Ziyuan Huang , Changhong Fu , Yiming Li , Fuling Lin , Peng Lu

Camera-based perception systems play a central role in modern autonomous vehicles. These camera based perception algorithms require an accurate calibration to map the real world distances to image pixels. In practice, calibration is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Ciarán Hogan , Ganesh Sistu , Ciarán Eising

This paper presents a hybrid control framework with a risk-budgeted monitor for safety-certified autonomous driving. A sliding-window monitor tracks insufficient barrier residuals and triggers switching from a relaxed control barrier…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Pei Yu Chang , Vishnu Renganathan , Qadeer Ahmed

With the rapid development of spaceborne imaging techniques, object detection in optical remote sensing imagery has drawn much attention in recent decades. While many advanced works have been developed with powerful learning algorithms, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-19 Xin Wu , Danfeng Hong , Jiaojiao Tian , Jocelyn Chanussot , Wei Li , Ran Tao

Recent technological advancements have enabled proliferated use of small embedded and IoT devices for collecting, processing, and transferring the security-critical information and user data. This exponential use has acted as a catalyst in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Avani Dave , Nilanjan Banerjee , Chintan Patel

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have emerged as promising tools for advancing autonomous driving (AD) research, offering scalable closed-loop simulation and data augmentation capabilities. However, to trust the results achieved in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Carl Lindström , Georg Hess , Adam Lilja , Maryam Fatemi , Lars Hammarstrand , Christoffer Petersson , Lennart Svensson

Vehicle overtaking is one of the most complex driving maneuvers for autonomous vehicles. To achieve optimal autonomous overtaking, driving systems rely on multiple sensors that enable safe trajectory optimization and overtaking efficiency.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Matej Rene Cihlar , Luka Šiktar , Branimir Ćaran , Marko Švaco

The reconstruction fidelity of computational optical imaging is fundamentally constrained by the model-reality gap, i.e., the inevitable discrepancy between idealized forward models and the physical imaging process. Conventional paradigms…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-22 Sui-peng Wang , Si-yi Xie , Chang-tao Cai , Zhun Wei , Rui Chen

In this work, we present SpaRC, a novel Sparse fusion transformer for 3D perception that integrates multi-view image semantics with Radar and Camera point features. The fusion of radar and camera modalities has emerged as an efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Philipp Wolters , Johannes Gilg , Torben Teepe , Fabian Herzog , Felix Fent , Gerhard Rigoll

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for training and evaluating autonomous driving (AD) systems, yet remain extremely rare in real-world driving datasets. To address this, we propose Real-world Crash Grounding (RCG), a scenario…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Benjamin Stoler , Juliet Yang , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

A significant barrier to deploying autonomous vehicles (AVs) on a massive scale is safety assurance. Several technical challenges arise due to the uncertain environment in which AVs operate such as road and weather conditions, errors in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Majid Khonji , Jorge Dias , Lakmal Seneviratne

LiDAR-camera fusion is one of the core processes for the perception system of current automated driving systems. The typical sensor fusion process includes a list of coordinate transformation operations following system calibration.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Dan Shen , Zhengming Zhang , Renran Tian , Yaobin Chen , Rini Sherony

Scene completion and forecasting are two popular perception problems in research for mobile agents like autonomous vehicles. Existing approaches treat the two problems in isolation, resulting in a separate perception of the two aspects. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Xinhao Liu , Moonjun Gong , Qi Fang , Haoyu Xie , Yiming Li , Hang Zhao , Chen Feng

Autonomous vehicles require reliable hazard detection. However, primary sensor systems may miss near-field obstacles, resulting in safety risks. Although a dedicated fast-reacting near-field monitoring system can mitigate this, it typically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Junnan Pan , Prodromos Sotiriadis , Vladislav Nenchev , Ferdinand Englberger

State estimation is an essential component of autonomous systems, usually relying on sensor fusion that integrates data from cameras, LiDARs and IMUs. Recently, radars have shown the potential to improve the accuracy and robustness of state…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Vlaho-Josip Štironja , Luka Petrović , Juraj Peršić , Ivan Marković , Ivan Petrović

In this work, we consider the safety-oriented performance of 3D object detectors in autonomous driving contexts. Specifically, despite impressive results shown by the mass literature, developers often find it hard to ensure the safe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao , Chih-Hong Cheng , Hasan Esen , Alois Knoll