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Depth first search (DFS) tree is one of the most well-known data structures for designing efficient graph algorithms. Given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, the textbook algorithm takes $O(n+m)$ time to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Lijie Chen , Ran Duan , Ruosong Wang , Hanrui Zhang , Tianyi Zhang

A (fully) dynamic graph algorithm is a data structure that supports edge insertions, edge deletions, and answers certain queries that are specific to the problem under consideration. There has been a lot of research on dynamic algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Jannick Borowitz , Ernestine Großmann , Christian Schulz

The fully dynamic transitive closure problem asks to maintain reachability information in a directed graph between arbitrary pairs of vertices, while the graph undergoes a sequence of edge insertions and deletions. The problem has been…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Kathrin Hanauer , Monika Henzinger , Christian Schulz

A traversal of a connected graph is a linear ordering of its vertices all of whose initial segments induce connected subgraphs. Traversals, and their refinements such as breadth-first and depth-first traversals, are computed by various…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-10-24 Siddharth Bhaskar , Anton Jay Kienzle

Constructing a Depth First Search (DFS) tree is a fundamental graph problem, whose parallel complexity is still not settled. Reif showed parallel intractability of lex-first DFS. In contrast, randomized parallel algorithms (and more…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Archit Chauhan , Samir Datta , M. Praveen

Depth First Search (DFS) tree is a fundamental data structure for solving graph problems. The DFS tree of a graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges can be built in $O(m+n)$ time. Till date, only a few algorithms have been designed for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Surender Baswana , Ayush Goel , Shahbaz Khan

We present a new fast all-pairs shortest path algorithm for unweighted graphs. In breadth-first search which is said to representative and fast in unweighted graphs, the average number of accesses to adjacent vertices (expressed by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Yasuo Yamane , Kenichi Kobayashi

We present a new algorithm for maintaining a DFS tree of an arbitrary directed graph under any sequence of edge insertions. Our algorithm requires a total of $O(m\cdot n)$ time in the worst case to process a sequence of edge insertions,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Giorgio Ausiello , Paolo G. Franciosa , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Andrea Ribichini

In many real datasets such as social media streams and cyber data sources, graphs change over time through a graph update stream of edge insertions and deletions. Detecting critical patterns in such dynamic graphs plays an important role in…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Seunghwan Min , Sung Gwan Park , Kunsoo Park , Dora Giammarresi , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Wook-Shin Han

Breadth-First Search (BFS) is a building block used in a wide array of graph analytics and is used in various network analysis domains: social, road, transportation, communication, and much more. Over the last two decades, network sizes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Oded Green

Graph databases in many applications---semantic web, transport or biological networks among others---are not only large, but also frequently modified. Evaluating graph queries in this dynamic context is a challenging task, as those queries…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-12-18 Pablo Muñoz , Nils Vortmeier , Thomas Zeume

Depth-first search (DFS) is the basis for many efficient graph algorithms. We introduce general techniques for the efficient implementation of DFS-based graph algorithms and exemplify them on three algorithms for computing strongly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-03-30 Kurt Mehlhorn , Stefan Näher , Peter Sanders

Graph-searching algorithms play a crucial role in various computational domains, enabling efficient exploration and pathfinding in structured data. Traditional approaches, such as Depth-First Search (DFS) and Breadth-First Search (BFS),…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Rowanda Ahmed , Belaynesh Chekol , Mahmoud Alsaleh

We present a work-efficient parallel level-synchronous Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm for shared-memory architectures which achieves the theoretical lower bound on parallel running time. The optimality holds regardless of the shape of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Jesmin Jahan Tithi , Yonatan Fogel , Rezaul Chowdhury

We present the first non-trivial fully dynamic algorithm maintaining exact single-source distances in unweighted graphs. This resolves an open problem stated by Sankowski [COCOON 2005] and van den Brand and Nanongkai [FOCS 2019]. Previous…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Jan van den Brand , Adam Karczmarz

We study the problem of dynamically maintaining the connected components of an undirected graph subject to edge insertions and deletions. We give the first parallel algorithm for the problem which is work-efficient, supports batches of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Quinten De Man , Laxman Dhulipala , Adam Karczmarz , Jakub Łącki , Julian Shun , Zhongqi Wang

We study {\em breadth-first search (BFS)} spanning trees, and address the problem of designing a sparse {\em fault-tolerant} BFS structure, or {\em FT-BFS } for short, resilient to the failure of up to two edges in the given undirected…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-05 Merav Parter

A spanning tree of a network or graph is a subgraph that connects all nodes with the least number or weight of edges. The spanning tree is one of the most straightforward techniques for network simplification and sampling, and for…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Lovro Šubelj

We give the first non-trivial fully dynamic probabilistic tree embedding algorithm for weighted graphs undergoing edge insertions and deletions. We obtain a trade-off between amortized update time and expected stretch against an oblivious…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Sebastian Forster , Gramoz Goranci , Monika Henzinger

In this paper, we present an on-line fully dynamic algorithm for maintaining strongly connected component of a directed graph in a shared memory architecture. The edges and vertices are added or deleted concurrently by fixed number of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-11 Muktikanta Sa