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Fine-tuning a pretrained language model on a curated dataset can produce spurious correlations between the fine-tuning task and unintended latent factors -- such as misaligned personas or political slant -- that the curation procedure has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Ciarán M. Gilligan-Lee , Joseph Egan , Yuchen Zhu , Michael O'Riordan

This paper introduces a consistent estimator and rate of convergence for the precision matrix of asset returns in large portfolios using a non-linear factor model within the deep learning framework. Our estimator remains valid even in low…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-30 Mehmet Caner , Maurizio Daniele

As supervised fine-tuning (SFT) evolves from a lightweight post-training step into a compute-intensive phase rivaling mid-training in scale, data efficiency has become critical for aligning large language models (LLMs) under tight budgets.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Shaobo Wang , Jiaming Wang , Jiajun Zhang , Cong Wang , Yue Min , Zichen Wen , Xingzhang Ren , Fei Huang , Huiqiang Jiang , Junyang Lin , Dayiheng Liu , Linfeng Zhang

There has been a significant increase in the deployment of neural network models, presenting substantial challenges in model adaptation and fine-tuning. Efficient adaptation is crucial in maintaining model performance across diverse tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Maolin Wang , Xiangyu Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) excel at mathematical reasoning and logical problem-solving. The current popular training paradigms primarily use supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance the models' reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jack Chen , Fazhong Liu , Naruto Liu , Yuhan Luo , Erqu Qin , Harry Zheng , Tian Dong , Haojin Zhu , Yan Meng , Xiao Wang

In computer vision, fine-tuning is the de-facto approach to leverage pre-trained vision models to perform downstream tasks. However, deploying it in practice is quite challenging, due to adopting parameter inefficient global update and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Xing Nie , Bolin Ni , Jianlong Chang , Gaomeng Meng , Chunlei Huo , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Shiming Xiang , Qi Tian , Chunhong Pan

Large Language Models have become the de facto approach to sequence-to-sequence text generation tasks, but for specialized tasks/domains, a pretrained LLM lacks specific capabilities to produce accurate or well-formatted responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Jiuhai Chen , Jonas Mueller

Unconstrained fine-tuning of flow-matching Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models drives dense parameter overwrites, degrading pre-trained capabilities. We present Conservative Supervised Fine-Tuning (ConSFT), an optimization objective that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Tianyi Zhang , Shaopeng Zhai , Haoran Zhang , Fuxian Huang , Qi Zhang

Fine-tuning pre-trained foundation models has gained significant popularity in various research fields. Existing methods for fine-tuning can be roughly divided into two categories, namely Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning and High-Performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Peng Ye , Yongqi Huang , Chongjun Tu , Minglei Li , Tao Chen , Tong He , Wanli Ouyang

Federated Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (Fed-PEFT) enables lightweight adaptation of large pre-trained models in federated learning settings by updating only a small subset of parameters. However, Fed-PEFT methods typically assume a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Feng Yu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min

Diffusion-based planners have emerged as a promising approach for human-like trajectory generation in autonomous driving. Recent works incorporate reinforcement fine-tuning to enhance the robustness of diffusion planners through…

When using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to adapt large language models (LLMs) to specific domains, a significant challenge arises: should we use the entire SFT dataset for fine-tuning? Common practice often involves fine-tuning directly on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Peng Wang , Kohou Wang , Huan Hu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Fine-tuning is an important step in adapting foundation models such as large language models to downstream tasks. To make this step more accessible to users with limited computational budgets, it is crucial to develop fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Cen-Jhih Li , Aditya Bhaskara

When adapting large language models (LLMs) to a specific downstream task, two primary approaches are commonly employed: (1) prompt engineering, often with in-context few-shot learning, leveraging the model's inherent generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Jorg Bornschein , Clare Lyle , Yazhe Li , Amal Rannen-Triki , Xu Owen He , Razvan Pascanu

While task-specific finetuning of pretrained networks has led to significant empirical advances in NLP, the large size of networks makes finetuning difficult to deploy in multi-task, memory-constrained settings. We propose diff pruning as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Demi Guo , Alexander M. Rush , Yoon Kim

Alignment, endowing a pre-trained Large language model (LLM) with the ability to follow instructions, is crucial for its real-world applications. Conventional supervised fine-tuning (SFT) methods formalize it as causal language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yuchen Fan , Yuzhong Hong , Qiushi Wang , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song

Designing agents that acquire knowledge autonomously and use it to solve new tasks efficiently is an important challenge in reinforcement learning. Knowledge acquired during an unsupervised pre-training phase is often transferred by…

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become a key strategy for adapting large language models, with recent advances in sparse tuning reducing overhead by selectively updating key parameters or subsets of data. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Kai Yao , Zhenghan Song , Kaixin Wu , Mingjie Zhong , Danzhao Cheng , Zhaorui Tan , Yixin Ji , Penglei Gao

Estimating graphical model structure from high-dimensional and undersampled data is a fundamental problem in many scientific fields. Existing approaches, such as GLASSO, latent variable GLASSO, and latent tree models, suffer from high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-18 Greg Ver Steeg , Hrayr Harutyunyan , Daniel Moyer , Aram Galstyan

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly boosted performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the deployment of high-performance LLMs incurs substantial costs, primarily due to the increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Saehan Jo , Immanuel Trummer
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