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The evolving pedagogy paradigms are leading toward educational transformations. One fundamental aspect of effective learning is relevant, immediate, and constructive feedback to students. Providing constructive feedback to large cohorts in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Javed Ali Khan , Muhammad Yaqoob , Mamoona Tasadduq , Hafsa Shareef Dar , Aitezaz Ahsan

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) opens up the possibility of using them as personal tutors. This has led to the development of several intelligent tutoring systems and learning assistants that use LLMs as back-ends with…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Donya Rooein , Dirk Hovy , Tanja Käser , Mrinmaya Sachan

Effective personalized feedback is critical to students' literacy development. Though LLM-powered tools now promise to automate such feedback at scale, LLMs are not language-neutral: they privilege standard academic English and reproduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Mei Tan , Lena Phalen , Dorottya Demszky

The number of agents can be an effective curriculum variable for controlling the difficulty of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) tasks. Existing work typically uses manually defined curricula such as linear schemes. We identify two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wenshuai Zhao , Zhiyuan Li , Joni Pajarinen

Knowledge tagging for questions is vital in modern intelligent educational applications, including learning progress diagnosis, practice question recommendations, and course content organization. Traditionally, these annotations have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Hang Li , Tianlong Xu , Ethan Chang , Qingsong Wen

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models (LLMs) are already altering student learning. Unlike previous technologies, LLMs can independently solve problems regardless of student understanding, yet are not always…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-04 Eric Gao

Large language models are quickly becoming the foundation for intelligent agents that are capable of using tools. However, training such agents is challenging because it requires human creation and annotation of a diverse set of tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yifei Zhou , Sergey Levine , Jason Weston , Xian Li , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

With the recent development of natural language generation models - termed as large language models (LLMs) - a potential use case has opened up to improve the way that humans interact with robot assistants. These LLMs should be able to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Mitchell Rosser , Marc. G Carmichael

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great abilities in various tasks, including question answering, arithmetic problem solving, and poem writing, among others. Although research on LLM-as-an-agent has shown that LLM can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Chuanneng Sun , Songjun Huang , Dario Pompili

While multiagent systems have shown promise for tackling complex tasks via specialization, finetuning multiple agents simultaneously faces two key challenges: (1) credit assignment across agents, and (2) sample efficiency of expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ed Li , Junyu Ren , Cat Yan

Large language model tutors are easy to build in a notebook and hard to run in a real course. We describe ITAS (Intelligent Teaching Assistant System), a multi-agent tutoring system that a graduate quantum computing course used for a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Iizalaarab Elhaimeur , Nikos Chrisochoides

Providing timely and individualised feedback on handwritten student work is highly beneficial for learning but difficult to achieve at scale. This challenge has become more pressing as generative AI undermines the reliability of take-home…

Coordinating multiple autonomous agents in shared environments under decentralized conditions is a long-standing challenge in robotics and artificial intelligence. This work addresses the problem of decentralized goal assignment for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Murad Ismayilov , Edwin Meriaux , Shuo Wen , Gregory Dudek

AI-based systems, including Large Language Models (LLM), impact millions by supporting diverse tasks but face issues like misinformation, bias, and misuse. AI ethics is crucial as new technologies and concerns emerge, but objective,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-19 José Antonio Siqueira de Cerqueira , Mamia Agbese , Rebekah Rousi , Nannan Xi , Juho Hamari , Pekka Abrahamsson

Quantum computing instructors face a compounding problem: the concepts are counterintuitive, the mathematical formalism is dense, and qualified faculty are scarce outside a small number of well-resourced institutions. Our prior work…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Iizalaarab Elhaimeur , Nikos Chrisochoides

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in intelligent visualization systems, especially for domain-specific applications. Integrating LLMs into visualization systems presents challenges, and we categorize these challenges…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Lin Gao , Jing Lu , Zekai Shao , Ziyue Lin , Shengbin Yue , Chiokit Ieong , Yi Sun , Rory James Zauner , Zhongyu Wei , Siming Chen

This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in formulating and solving decision-making problems using mathematical programming. We first conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mohammad J. Abdel-Rahman , Yasmeen Alslman , Dania Refai , Amro Saleh , Malik A. Abu Loha , Mohammad Yahya Hamed

Intelligent tutoring systems have long enabled automated immediate feedback on student work when it is presented in a tightly structured format and when problems are very constrained, but reliably assessing free-form mathematical reasoning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Aron Gohr , Marie-Amelie Lawn , Kevin Gao , Inigo Serjeant , Stephen Heslip

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to both research and daily operations, rigorous evaluation is crucial. This assessment is important not only for individual tasks but also for understanding their societal impact and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) can provide personalized and self-paced learning experience. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) further enables better human-machine interaction, and facilitates the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zhengyuan Liu , Stella Xin Yin , Geyu Lin , Nancy F. Chen