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Preconditioned optimizers are central to language model training, but their stochastic update rules are usually treated as direct approximations to population preconditioned descent. We show that this view misses two finite-sample biases.…

Large language models (LLMs) excel at reasoning tasks requiring long thought sequences for planning, reflection, and refinement. However, their substantial model size and high computational demands are impractical for widespread deployment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Dongyi Ding , Tiannan Wang , Chenghao Zhu , Meiling Tao , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Wangchunshu Zhou

Recent reasoning Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable problem-solving abilities but often generate long thinking traces whose utility is unclear. Our work aims to improve their efficiency, enabling them to reach high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xiang Liu , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu , Eunsol Choi

Recent advancements in self-supervised learning have reduced the gap between supervised and unsupervised representation learning. However, most self-supervised and deep clustering techniques rely heavily on data augmentation, rendering them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Mohammed Adnan , Yani A. Ioannou , Chuan-Yung Tsai , Graham W. Taylor

Recent efforts leverage knowledge distillation techniques to develop lightweight and practical sentiment analysis models. These methods are grounded in human-written instructions and large-scale user texts. Despite the promising results,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Guangyu Xie , Yice Zhang , Jianzhu Bao , Qianlong Wang , Yang Sun , Bingbing Wang , Ruifeng Xu

In this report, we introduce DASD-4B-Thinking, a lightweight yet highly capable, fully open-source reasoning model. It achieves SOTA performance among open-source models of comparable scale across challenging benchmarks in mathematics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Shaotian Yan , Kaiyuan Liu , Chen Shen , Bing Wang , Sinan Fan , Jun Zhang , Yue Wu , Zheng Wang , Jieping Ye

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success across a range of tasks, however their computational demands often make them unsuitable for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. This paper explores strategies for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Florian Zager , Hamza A. A. Gardi

We explore best practices for training small, memory efficient machine translation models with sequence-level knowledge distillation in the domain adaptation setting. While both domain adaptation and knowledge distillation are widely-used,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Mitchell A. Gordon , Kevin Duh

Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KBVQA) necessitates external knowledge incorporation beyond cross-modal understanding. Existing KBVQA methods either utilize implicit knowledge in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yu Zhao , Ying Zhang , Xuhui Sui , Baohang Zhou , Li Shen , Dacheng Tao

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to specialized financial reasoning typically requires expensive fine-tuning that produces model-locked expertise. Training-free alternatives have emerged, yet our experiments show that leading methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Tik Yu Yim , Wenting Tan , Sum Yee Chan , Tak-Wah Lam , Siu Ming Yiu

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text via iterative denoising but consistently underperform on multi-step reasoning. We hypothesize this gap stems from a coordination problem: AR models build coherence token-by-token, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Earl J St Sauver

Despite remarkable progress in multi-modal AI research, there is a salient domain in which modern AI continues to lag considerably behind even human children: the reliable deployment of logical operators. Here, we examine three forms of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Colin Conwell , Rupert Tawiah-Quashie , Tomer Ullman

Knowledge distillation transfers knowledge from a large model to a small one via task and distillation losses. In this paper, we observe a trade-off between task and distillation losses, i.e., introducing distillation loss limits the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Borui Zhao , Quan Cui , Renjie Song , Jiajun Liang

Pretrained diffusion models serve as frozen teachers feeding downstream pipelines such as text-to-3D, single-step distillation, and data attribution. The teacher gradients these pipelines consume are Monte Carlo (MC) expectations over noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jesse Bettencourt , Xindi Wu , Matan Atzmon , James Lucas , Jonathan Lorraine

Previous work on multimodal sentence embedding has proposed multimodal contrastive learning and achieved promising results. However, by taking the rest of the batch as negative samples without reviewing when forming contrastive pairs, those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Cong-Duy Nguyen , Thong Nguyen , Xiaobao Wu , Anh Tuan Luu

In practical applications of human pose estimation, low-resolution inputs frequently occur, and existing state-of-the-art models perform poorly with low-resolution images. This work focuses on boosting the performance of low-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zejun Gu , Zhong-Qiu Zhao , Henghui Ding , Hao Shen , Zhao Zhang , De-Shuang Huang

Reinforcement learning has become a widely used post-training approach for LLM agents, where training commonly relies on outcome-level rewards that provide only coarse supervision. While finer-grained credit assignment is promising for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sijia Li , Yuchen Huang , Zifan Liu , Yanping Li , Jingjing Fu , Li Zhao , Jiang Bian , Ling Zhang , Jun Zhang , Rui Wang

Humans must flexibly arbitrate between exploring alternatives and exploiting learned strategies, yet they frequently exhibit maladaptive persistence by continuing to execute failing strategies despite accumulating negative evidence. Here we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhipeng Zhang , Hongshun He

The carbon footprint of natural language processing research has been increasing in recent years due to its reliance on large and inefficient neural network implementations. Distillation is a network compression technique which attempts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Mark Anderson , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez

The growing demand for efficient deep learning has positioned dataset distillation as a pivotal technique for compressing training dataset while preserving model performance. However, existing inner-loop optimization methods for dataset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Muquan Li , Hang Gou , Dongyang Zhang , Shuang Liang , Xiurui Xie , Deqiang Ouyang , Ke Qin