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I hypothesize a physical explanation for the "Little Red Dots" (LRDs) discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The first star formation in the universe occurs in dense clusters, some of which may undergo runaway collapse and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-24 Jillian Bellovary

We analyze eight spectroscopically confirmed Little Red Dots (LRDs) at redshifts $z = 5.1-8.7$ with JWST/NIRCam, NIRSpec, and MIRI data. The LRDs have red NIRCam colors, F150W-F444W $>$ 1, but flat NIRCam-MIRI colors, $-0.5 < \mathrm{F444W…

A complete sample of $7.7\times 10^4$ galaxies with five-band imaging and spectroscopic redshifts from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is used to determine the fraction of the optical luminosity density of the Local Universe (redshifts…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 David W. Hogg , Michael Blanton , Iskra Strateva

We present an analysis of medium/high-resolution JWST/NIRSpec spectra for 11 LRDs at $z \sim 4$. By decomposing the broad and narrow components of the Balmer emission lines, we investigate the connection between line emission and UV/optical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-18 Yuxuan Pang , Xin Wang , Cheng Cheng , Shengzhe Wang , Hang Zhou , Qianqiao Zhou , Xue-Bing Wu , Karl Glazebrook

Recent James Webb Space Telescope observations have revealed a peculiar class of galaxies at redshifts $z \gtrsim 6$, characterized by extremely high central stellar densities and overmassive central supermassive black holes (SMBHs),…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-09 Fazeel Mahmood Khan , Benjamin L. Davis , Andrea Valerio Macciò , Kelly Holley-Bockelmann

We use JWST observations (1.5 micron to 4.44 micron), together with complete ALMA observations (870 micron and/or 1.2 mm), of the massive lensing cluster field A2744 to show that galaxies between z=1.5 and z=5.5 with rest-frame red colors…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-26 A. J. Barger , L. L. Cowie , S. J. McKay , F. E. Bauer

JWST data have enabled the abundant identification of compact broad Balmer line sources nicknamed the Little Red Dots. While they share broad lines with active galactic nuclei, they are unusually X-ray and infrared weak. We investigate the…

Little Red Dots (LRDs), candidate high-redshift supermassive black holes accreting in dense gas, remain undetected in X-rays. In previous work, we provided the first quantitative models that reproduce the optical and near-infrared spectra…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-18 Albert Sneppen , Darach Watson , James H. Matthews , Stuart A. Sim

We present a study of Pseudo-LRD-NOM (Pseudo little red dot with no metal lines), a highly magnified low-mass galaxy behind the lensing cluster Abell 370 at z=5.96. We classify this object as a pseudo-LRD because its red rest-frame optical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-19 Karina I. Caputi , Ryan A. Cooper , Pierluigi Rinaldi , Rafael Navarro-Carrera , Edoardo Iani

Ultraviolet (UV) galaxies have been selected from GALEX. The presence of a FUV-dropout in their spectral energy distributions proved to be a very complete (83.3%) but not very efficient (21.4%) tool for identifying Lyman Break Galaxies…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Burgarella , E. Le Floc'h , T. T. Takeuchi , J. S. Huang , V. Buat , G. H. Rieke , K. D. Tyler

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at high redshifts of $z\gtrsim 4-7$, powered by accreting black holes (BHs) with masses of $\sim 10^{6-8}~M_\odot$. One remarkable distinction…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-06 Kohei Inayoshi , Roberto Maiolino

We present a new sample of strong gravitational lens systems where both the foreground lenses and background sources are early-type galaxies. Using imaging from HST/ACS and Keck/NIRC2, we model the surface brightness distributions and show…

The nature of Little Red Dots (LRDs) has largely been investigated through their continuum emission, with lines assumed to arise from a broad-line region. In this paper, we instead use recombination lines to infer the intrinsic properties…

A statistical analysis of radial distributions of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR7) catalogue within an interval $0.16 \leq z \leq 0.47$ is carried out. We found that the radial distribution of $\sim$…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-02-25 Andrei I. Ryabinkov , Alexander A. Kaurov , Alexander D. Kaminker

JWST has revealed a population of low-luminosity AGN at $z>4$ in compact, red hosts (the "Little Red Dots", or LRDs), which are largely undetected in X-rays. We investigate this phenomenon using GRRMHD simulations of super-Eddington…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-15 Fabio Pacucci , Ramesh Narayan

''Little Red Dots'' (LRDs) are broad-line sources at high redshift, initially identified by their compact morphologies, red colours and prominent Balmer breaks. The origin of their optical-to-near-infrared continua is debated, with proposed…

Luminous red galaxies (LRGs) are much rarer and more massive than L* galaxies. Coupled with their extreme colours, LRGs therefore provide a demanding testing ground for the physics of massive galaxy formation. We present the first…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 C. Almeida , C. M. Baugh , D. A. Wake , C. G. Lacey , A. J. Benson , R. G. Bower , K. Pimbblet

JWST has uncovered a substantial population of high-$z$ ($z \gtrsim 4$) galaxies exhibiting broad H$\alpha$ emission line with a Full Width at Half Maximum exceeding 1,000 km/s. This population consists of a well-known subset called Little…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-14 Mitsuru Kokubo , Yuichi Harikane

We report observations of 15 high redshift (z = 1-5) galaxies at 350 microns using the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory and SHARC-II array detector. Emission was detected from eight galaxies, for which far-infrared luminosities, star…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Jingwen Wu , Paul Vanden Bout , Neal Evans , Michael Dunham

As part of a larger program to identify and characterize possible low-redshift analogs to massive compact red galaxies found at high redshift, we have examined the morphologies of three low-redshift compact galaxies drawn from the sample of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Hsin-Yi Shih , Alan Stockton