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AI agents often fail in ways that are difficult to localize because executions are probabilistic, long-horizon, multi-agent, and mediated by noisy tool outputs. We address this gap by manually annotating failed agent runs and release a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shraddha Barke , Arnav Goyal , Alind Khare , Avaljot Singh , Suman Nath , Chetan Bansal

Coding agents are increasingly used as iterative development partners, but most benchmarks still evaluate one specification followed by one final assessment. This leaves out a basic question: can an agent keep its own codebase working as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haiyang Shen , Xuanzhong Chen , Wendong Xu , Yun Ma , Liang Chen , Kuan Li

To identify safety violations, auditors often search over large sets of agent traces. This search is difficult because failures are often rare, complex, and sometimes even adversarially hidden and only detectable when multiple traces are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Adam Stein , Davis Brown , Hamed Hassani , Mayur Naik , Eric Wong

Understanding the behavior of software in execution is a key step in identifying and fixing performance issues. This is especially important in high performance computing contexts where even minor performance tweaks can translate into large…

As autonomous agents become increasingly sophisticated, validating their sequential behavior presents a significant challenge. Traditional testing approaches require manual specification, exact sequence matching, or thousands of training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Reshabh K Sharma , Gaurav Mittal , Yu Hu

The advancement of LLM agents with tool-use capabilities requires diverse and complex training corpora. Existing data generation methods, which predominantly follow a paradigm of random sampling and shallow generation, often yield simple…

Memory is essential for enabling large language models to support long-horizon reasoning, yet existing memory systems remain unreliable and difficult to debug. Tracing memory's dynamic evolution is crucial to understand how information is…

Currently, while software engineers write code for various modules, quite often, various types of errors - coding, logic, semantic, and others (most of which are not caught by compilation and other tools) get introduced. Some of these bugs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Anshul Tanwar , Krishna Sundaresan , Parmesh Ashwath , Prasanna Ganesan , Sathish Kumar Chandrasekaran , Sriram Ravi

Information Retrieval is shifting from passive document ranking toward autonomous agentic workflows that operate in multi-step Reason-Act-Observe loops. In such long-horizon trajectories, minor early errors can cascade, leading to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Anushree Sinha , Srivaths Ranganathan , Debanshu Das , Abhishek Dharmaratnakar

The increasing deployment of Large Language Model (LLM) agents for complex software engineering tasks has created a need to understand their problem-solving behaviours beyond simple success metrics. While these agents demonstrate impressive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Oorja Majgaonkar , Zhiwei Fei , Xiang Li , Federica Sarro , He Ye

Over the last years, state-tracking tasks, particularly permutation composition, have become a testbed to understand the limits of sequence models architectures like Transformers and RNNs (linear and non-linear). However, these are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Julien Siems , Riccardo Grazzi , Kirill Kalinin , Hitesh Ballani , Babak Rahmani

How can system-generated responses be efficiently verified, especially in the high-stakes biomedical domain? To address this challenge, we introduce eTracer, a plug-and-play framework that enables traceable text generation by grounding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Bohao Chu , Qianli Wang , Hendrik Damm , Hui Wang , Ula Muhabbek , Elisabeth Livingstone , Christoph M. Friedrich , Norbert Fuhr

Legacy systems concentrate business rules, architectural decisions, and operational exceptions that often remain implicit in code, data, configuration, and maintenance practices. At the same time, language-model-based coding agents depend…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sanderson Oliveira de Macedo , Ronaldo Martins da Costa

Currently, Large Language Models (LLMs) feature a diversified architectural landscape, including traditional Transformer, GateDeltaNet, and Mamba. However, the evolutionary laws of hierarchical representations, task knowledge formation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yuhang Wu , Qinyuan Liu , Qiuyang Zhao , Qingwei Chong

The evaluation of Deep Research Agents is a critical challenge, as conventional outcome-based metrics fail to capture the nuances of their complex reasoning. Current evaluation faces two primary challenges: 1) a reliance on singular metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yanyu Chen , Jiyue Jiang , Jiahong Liu , Yifei Zhang , Xiao Guo , Irwin King

Large Language Model (LLM)-based coding agents show promise in automating software development tasks, yet they frequently fail in ways that are difficult for developers to understand and debug. While general-purpose LLMs like GPT can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Arun Joshi

AI agents are increasingly used to solve complex, multi-step tasks, but existing multi-agent frameworks remain brittle as workflows grow in scale and depth. Small errors at intermediate stages can propagate through agent interactions, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andy Xu , Yu-Wing Tai

Code generation models based on large language models (LLMs) have gained wide adoption, but challenges remain in ensuring safety, accuracy, and controllability, especially for complex tasks. Existing methods often lack dynamic integration…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aofan Liu , Haoxuan Li , Bin Wang , Ao Yang , Hui Li

LLM-based agents have demonstrated promising adaptability in real-world applications. However, these agents remain vulnerable to a wide range of attacks, such as tool poisoning and malicious instructions, that compromise their execution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jiahao Liu , Bonan Ruan , Xianglin Yang , Zhiwei Lin , Yan Liu , Yang Wang , Tao Wei , Zhenkai Liang

We consider the task of analyzing message-passing programs by observing their run-time behavior. We introduce a purely library-based instrumentation method to trace communication events during execution. A model of the dependencies among…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Martin Sulzmann , Kai Stadtmüller