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The Kolmogorov--Smirnov (KS) test is a widely used statistical test that assesses the conformity of a sample to a specified distribution. Its efficacy, however, diminishes with serially dependent data and when parameters within the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-11 Mathew Chandy , Elizabeth Schifano , Jun Yan , Xianyang Zhang

This paper proposes confidence regions for the identified set in conditional moment inequality models using Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics with a truncated inverse variance weighting with increasing truncation points. The new weighting…

Applications · Statistics 2011-12-06 Timothy B. Armstrong

The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test is popularly used in many applications, such as anomaly detection, astronomy, database security and AI systems. One challenge remained untouched is how we can obtain an explanation on why a test set fails…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Zicun Cong , Lingyang Chu , Yu Yang , Jian Pei

This paper investigates the estimation of the self-similarity parameter in fractional processes. We re-examine the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test as a distribution-based method for assessing self-similarity, emphasizing its robustness and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-12 Daniele Angelini , Sergio Bianchi

Classical tests of fit typically reject a model for large enough real data samples. In contrast, often in statistical practice a model offers a good description of the data even though it is not the "true" random generator. We consider a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-22 Eustasio del Barrio , Hristo Inouzhe , Carlos Matrán

The fidelity of financial market simulation is restricted by the so-called "non-identifiability" difficulty when calibrating high-frequency data. This paper first analyzes the inherent loss of data information in this difficulty, and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Peng Yang , Junji Ren , Feng Wang , Ke Tang

The digital era has seen a marked increase in financial fraud. edge ML emerged as a promising solution for smartphone payment services fraud detection, enabling the deployment of ML models directly on edge devices. This approach enables a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Nader Karayanni , Robert J. Shahla , Chieh-Lien Hsiao

Big Data has become an ever more commonplace setting that is encountered by data analysts. In the Big Data setting, analysts are faced with very large numbers of observations as well as data that arrive as a stream, both of which are…

Computation · Statistics 2017-04-13 Hien Duy Nguyen

Machine learning models are increasingly used in critical areas such as loan approvals and hiring, yet they often function as black boxes, obscuring their decision-making processes. Transparency is crucial, as individuals need explanations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Sopam Dasgupta , Joaquín Arias , Elmer Salazar , Gopal Gupta

Computer vision systems for automatic image categorization have become accurate and reliable enough that they can run continuously for days or even years as components of real-world commercial applications. A major open problem in this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-01 Rémy Sun , Christoph H. Lampert

A new robust algorithm based of the explanation method SurvLIME called SurvLIME-KS is proposed for explaining machine learning survival models. The algorithm is developed to ensure robustness to cases of a small amount of training data or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Maxim S. Kovalev , Lev V. Utkin

The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test is a nonparametric statistical test used to test for differences between univariate probability distributions. The versatility of the KS test has made it a cornerstone of statistical analysis across many…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-21 Connor Puritz , Elan Ness-Cohn , Rosemary Braun

Machine learning models are increasingly used in areas such as loan approvals and hiring, yet they often function as black boxes, obscuring their decision-making processes. Transparency is crucial, and individuals need explanations to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Sopam Dasgupta , Joaquín Arias , Elmer Salazar , Gopal Gupta

In routine care, individuals identified a priori as high-risk are usually tested for conditions more frequently. Protected attributes, such as sex or ethnicity may also determine testing frequency. Such heterogeneous detection rates across…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-08 Jose Benitez-Aurioles , Ricardo Silva , Brian McMillan , Matthew Sperrin

This paper proposes a Kolmogorov-Smirnov type statistic and a Cram\'er-von Mises type statistic to test linearity in semi-functional partially linear regression models. Our test statistics are based on a residual marked empirical process…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-02 Yongzhen Feng , Jie Li , Xiaojun Song

In the field of finance, the prediction of individual credit default is of vital importance. However, existing methods face problems such as insufficient interpretability and transparency as well as limited performance when dealing with…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-28 Kun Liu , Jin Zhao

When comparing two distributions, it is often helpful to learn at which quantiles or values there is a statistically significant difference. This provides more information than the binary "reject" or "do not reject" decision of a global…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-16 Matt Goldman , David M. Kaplan

Stress testing poses a causal question: how would portfolio credit losses change if the macroeconomy followed an adverse counterfactual path? Yet standard practice remains predictive and might be therefore vulnerable to omitted-variable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yu Wang , Xiangchen Liu , Siguang Li

Standard risk metrics used in model validation, such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance, fail to converge at practical rates when applied to high-frequency financial data characterized by heavy tails (infinite skewness). This creates a…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Armen Petrosyan

Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test-a non-parametric method to measure the goodness of fit, is applied for automatic modulation classification (AMC) in this paper. The basic procedure involves computing the empirical cumulative distribution…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Fanggang Wang , Rongtao Xu , Zhangdui Zhong
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