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Related papers: UniToolCall: Unifying Tool-Use Representation, Dat…

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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in language understanding and reasoning, yet they remain limited when tackling real-world tasks that require up-to-date knowledge, precise operations, or specialized tool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yabo Zhang , Yihan Zeng , Qingyun Li , Zhen Hu , Kavin Han , Wangmeng Zuo

Tool calling is a critical capability that allows Large Language Models (LLMs) to interact with external systems, significantly expanding their utility. However, research and resources for tool calling are predominantly English-centric,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Asim Ersoy , Enes Altinisik , Husrev Taha Sencar , Kareem Darwish

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…

The integration of tools in augmenting large language models presents a novel approach toward enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of these models in handling specific, complex tasks. This paper delves into the methodology,challenges, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Zhuocheng Shen

The integration of tool learning with Large Language Models (LLMs) has expanded their capabilities in handling complex tasks by leveraging external tools. However, existing benchmarks for tool learning inadequately address critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuxin Wang , Yiran Guo , Yining Zheng , Zhangyue Yin , Shuo Chen , Jie Yang , Jiajun Chen , Yuan Li , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Existing neural machine translation (NMT) studies mainly focus on developing dataset-specific models based on data from different tasks (e.g., document translation and chat translation). Although the dataset-specific models have achieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Jinan Xu , Jiaan Wang , Yufeng Chen , Jie Zhou

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) prompts the development of multi-modal agents, which are used as a controller to call external tools, providing a feasible way to solve practical tasks. In this paper, we propose a multi-modal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zhi Gao , Bofei Zhang , Pengxiang Li , Xiaojian Ma , Tao Yuan , Yue Fan , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia , Song-Chun Zhu , Qing Li

While skill-centric approaches leverage foundation models to enhance generalization in compositional tasks, they often rely on fixed skill libraries, limiting adaptability to new tasks without manual intervention. To address this, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Senwei Xie , Yuntian Zhang , Ruiping Wang , Xilin Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming the foundation for autonomous agents that can use tools to solve complex tasks. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a common approach for injecting such agentic capabilities, but typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Emre Can Acikgoz , Cheng Qian , Jonas Hübotter , Heng Ji , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various NLP tasks, but they still suffer from challenges such as hallucination and weak numerical reasoning. To overcome these challenges, external tools can be used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Yuchen Zhuang , Yue Yu , Kuan Wang , Haotian Sun , Chao Zhang

Tool-augmented LLM agents tend to call tools indiscriminately, even when the model can answer directly. Each unnecessary call wastes API fees and latency, yet no existing benchmark systematically studies when a tool call is actually needed.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chung-En Sun , Linbo Liu , Ge Yan , Zimo Wang , Tsui-Wei Weng

Large Language Models (LLMs) can extend their parameter knowledge limits by adopting the Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) paradigm. However, existing LLM-based agent training framework often focuses on answers' accuracy, overlooking specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yifei Chen , Guanting Dong , Zhicheng Dou

In recommendation systems, scaling up feature-interaction modules (e.g., Wukong, RankMixer) or user-behavior sequence modules (e.g., LONGER) has achieved notable success. However, these efforts typically proceed on separate tracks, which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhaoqi Zhang , Haolei Pei , Jun Guo , Tianyu Wang , Yufei Feng , Hui Sun , Shaowei Liu , Aixin Sun

Recently, several multi-turn dialogue benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate the conversational abilities of large language models (LLMs). As LLMs are increasingly recognized as a key technology for advancing intelligent education, owing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Shouang Wei , Min Zhang , Xin Lin , Bo Jiang , Zhongxiang Dai , Kun Kuang

Existing Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) models have effectively extended the question-answering capabilities of LLMs by incorporating external tools. However, real-world scenarios present numerous open-ended problems where fixed tools…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xintian Shen , Jiawei Chen , Lihao Zheng , Hao Ma , Tao Wei , Kun Zhan

While large language models (LLMs) have substantially improved Text-to-SQL generation, a pronounced gap remains between AI systems and human experts on challenging benchmarks such as BIRD-SQL. We argue this gap stems largely from the…

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) as agentic orchestrators has revolutionized task automation, but the need for privacy-preserving, cost-effective solutions demands on-device inference capabilities. However, local LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Rohan Kadekodi , Zhan Jin , Keisuke Kamahori , Yile Gu , Sean Khatiri , Noah H. Bayindirli , Sergey Gorbunov , Baris Kasikci

Reward models (RMs) play a critical role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Yet in the domain of tool learning, the lack of RMs specifically designed for function-calling tasks has limited progress toward more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Renhao Li , Jianhong Tu , Yang Su , Yantao Liu , Fei Huang , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Derek F. Wong , Junyang Lin , Min Yang

Multi-agent LLM frameworks are widely used to accelerate the development of agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs). These frameworks impose distinct architectural structures that govern how agents interact, store information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Abdelghny Orogat , Ana Rostam , Essam Mansour

Urban transportation systems encounter diverse challenges across multiple tasks, such as traffic forecasting, electric vehicle (EV) charging demand prediction, and taxi dispatch. Existing approaches suffer from two key limitations:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Jiaming Leng , Yunying Bi , Chuan Qin , Bing Yin , Yanyong Zhang , Chao Wang
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