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A promising research direction in enabling LLMs to generate consistently correct code involves addressing their inability to properly estimate program execution, particularly for code they generate. In this work, we demonstrate that Code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Gallil Maimon , Ori Yoran , Felix Kreuk , Michael Hassid , Gal Cohen , Pierre Chambon , Yossi Adi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant advancements in code generation, but still face challenges on tasks beyond their basic capabilities. Recently, the notion of self-debugging has been proposed to boost the performance of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Xiancai Chen , Zhengwei Tao , Kechi Zhang , Changzhi Zhou , Wanli Gu , Yuanpeng He , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Haiyan Zhao , Zhi Jin

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across diverse coding tasks. However, their adoption requires a true understanding of program execution rather than relying on surface-level patterns. Existing benchmarks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Eshgin Hasanov , Md Mahadi Hassan Sibat , Santu Karmaker , Aashish Yadavally

Recently, a diverse set of decoding and reranking procedures have been shown effective for LLM-based code generation. However, a comprehensive framework that links and experimentally compares these methods is missing. We address this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Haau-Sing Li , Patrick Fernandes , Iryna Gurevych , André F. T. Martins

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks; however, their token-by-token autoregressive generation process significantly hinders inference speed. Speculative decoding presents a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kai Lv , Honglin Guo , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) and autonomous coding agents are increasingly used to generate software across a wide range of domains. Yet a core requirement remains unmet: ensuring that generated code is secure without compromising its…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Abhijeet Pathak , Suvadra Barua , Dinesh Gudimetla , Rupam Patir , Jiawei Guo , Hongxin Hu , Haipeng Cai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive ability to generate codes on competitive programming tasks. However, with limited sample numbers, LLMs still suffer from poor accuracy. Inspired by the process of human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Kechi Zhang , Zhuo Li , Jia Li , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

The usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) for software and test development has continued to increase since LLMs were first introduced, but only recently have the expectations of LLMs become more realistic. Verifying the correctness of code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zachariah Sollenberger , Rahul Patel , Saieda Ali Zada , Sunita Chandrasekaran

The task of generating code solutions for a given programming problem can benefit from the use of pre-trained language models such as Codex, which can produce multiple diverse samples. However, a major challenge for this task is to select…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Bei Chen , Fengji Zhang , Anh Nguyen , Daoguang Zan , Zeqi Lin , Jian-Guang Lou , Weizhu Chen

Algorithmic reasoning refers to the ability to understand the complex patterns behind the problem and decompose them into a sequence of reasoning steps towards the solution. Such nature of algorithmic reasoning makes it a challenge for…

Current LLM-based coding agents follow a serial execution paradigm: the model first generates the complete code, then invokes an interpreter to execute it. This sequential workflow leaves the executor idle during generation and the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Zhensu Sun , Zhihao Lin , Zhi Chen , Chengran Yang , Mingyi Zhou , Li Li , David Lo

With the increasingly giant scales of (causal) large language models (LLMs), the inference efficiency comes as one of the core concerns along the improved performance. In contrast to the memory footprint, the latency bottleneck seems to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Chen Zhang , Zhuorui Liu , Dawei Song

Symbolic execution is an important software analysis technique which benefits downstream tasks such as software testing and debugging. However, several limitations hinder symbolic execution from application on real-world software. One of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wenhan Wang , Kaibo Liu , Zeyu Sun , An Ran Chen , Ge Li , Gang Huang , Lei Ma

Training large language models (LLMs) with chain-of-thought (CoT) supervision has proven effective for enhancing their reasoning abilities. However, obtaining reliable and accurate reasoning supervision remains a significant challenge. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dongwon Jung , Wenxuan Zhou , Muhao Chen

Code generation problems differ from common natural language problems - they require matching the exact syntax of the target language, identifying happy paths and edge cases, paying attention to numerous small details in the problem spec,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Tal Ridnik , Dedy Kredo , Itamar Friedman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated unprecedented capability in code generation. However, LLM-generated code is still plagued with a wide range of functional errors, especially for complex programming tasks that LLMs have not…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yifeng Di , Tianyi Zhang

The advent of large language models trained on code (code LLMs) has led to significant progress in language-to-code generation. State-of-the-art approaches in this area combine LLM decoding with sample pruning and reranking using test cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Ansong Ni , Srini Iyer , Dragomir Radev , Ves Stoyanov , Wen-tau Yih , Sida I. Wang , Xi Victoria Lin

Executing code is essential for various program analysis tasks, e.g., to detect bugs that manifest through exceptions or to obtain execution traces for further dynamic analysis. However, executing an arbitrary piece of code is often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Beatriz Souza , Michael Pradel

Recent years have seen the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for code generation. Different from existing work that evaluate the correctness of the code generated by LLMs, we propose to further evaluate its efficiency.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Changan Niu , Ting Zhang , Chuanyi Li , Bin Luo , Vincent Ng

In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in usefulness and popularity for code generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with accuracy and are unsuitable for high-risk applications without additional oversight…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Feitong Qiao , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Nathan Koenig , Mark Santolucito
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