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We explore the methodology and theory of reward-directed generation via conditional diffusion models. Directed generation aims to generate samples with desired properties as measured by a reward function, which has broad applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Hui Yuan , Kaixuan Huang , Chengzhuo Ni , Minshuo Chen , Mengdi Wang

We present an novel framework for efficiently and effectively extending the powerful continuous diffusion processes to discrete modeling. Previous approaches have suffered from the discrepancy between discrete data and continuous modeling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yuxuan Gu , Xiaocheng Feng , Lei Huang , Yingsheng Wu , Zekun Zhou , Weihong Zhong , Kun Zhu , Bing Qin

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable success in various domains, including molecular generation. However, conditional molecular generation remains a fundamental challenge due to an intrinsic trade-off between targeting specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Hojung Jung , Youngrok Park , Laura Schmid , Jaehyeong Jo , Dongkyu Lee , Bongsang Kim , Se-Young Yun , Jinwoo Shin

Predicting the binding structure of a small molecule ligand to a protein -- a task known as molecular docking -- is critical to drug design. Recent deep learning methods that treat docking as a regression problem have decreased runtime…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-14 Gabriele Corso , Hannes Stärk , Bowen Jing , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Effective generation of molecular structures, or new chemical entities, that bind to target proteins is crucial for lead identification and optimization in drug discovery. Despite advancements in atom- and motif-wise deep learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Guanlue Li , Chenran Jiang , Ziqi Gao , Yu Liu , Chenyang Liu , Jiean Chen , Yong Huang , Jia Li

Prior masked modeling motion generation methods predominantly study text-to-motion. We present DiMo, a discrete diffusion-style framework, which extends masked modeling to bidirectional text--motion understanding and generation. Unlike…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ning Zhang , Zhengyu Li , Kwong Weng Loh , Mingxi Xu , Qi Wang , Zhengyu Wen , Xiaoyu He , Wei Zhao , Kehong Gong , Mingyuan Zhang

Creating large-scale datasets for training high-performance generative models is often prohibitively expensive, especially when associated attributes or annotations must be provided. As a result, merging existing datasets has become a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-31 Yanfeng Yang , Kenji Fukumizu

Humans excel at discovering regular structures from limited samples and applying inferred rules to novel settings. We investigate whether modern generative models can similarly learn underlying rules from finite samples and perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Binxu Wang , Jiaqi Shang , Haim Sompolinsky

Recent advances in diffusion-based controllable visual generation have led to remarkable improvements in image quality. However, these powerful models are typically deployed on cloud servers due to their large computational demands, raising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yuhe Liu , Zhenxiong Tan , Yujia Hu , Songhua Liu , Xinchao Wang

Modern diffusion-based image generative models have made significant progress and become promising to enrich training data for the object detection task. However, the generation quality and the controllability for complex scenes containing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Jingyuan Zhu , Shiyu Li , Yuxuan Liu , Ping Huang , Jiulong Shan , Huimin Ma , Jian Yuan

Diffusion models have shown promising results for a wide range of generative tasks with continuous data, such as image and audio synthesis. However, little progress has been made on using diffusion models to generate discrete symbolic music…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jincheng Zhang , György Fazekas , Charalampos Saitis

Diffusion models have become a new generative paradigm for text generation. Considering the discrete categorical nature of text, in this paper, we propose GlyphDiffusion, a novel diffusion approach for text generation via text-guided image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

Self-conditioning has been central to the success of continuous diffusion language models, as it allows models to correct previous errors. Yet its ability degrades precisely in the regime where diffusion is most attractive for deployment:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Dat Nguyen-Cong , Tung Kieu , Hoang Thanh-Tung

Diffusion-based models demonstrate impressive generation capabilities. However, they also have a massive number of parameters, resulting in enormous model sizes, thus making them unsuitable for deployment on resource-constraint devices.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Avideep Mukherjee , Soumya Banerjee , Piyush Rai , Vinay P. Namboodiri

Discrete diffusion models are a powerful, emerging paradigm for code generation. They construct programs through iterative refinement of partially corrupted token sequences and enable parallel token refinement. Importantly, this paradigm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lize Shao , Michael Cardei , Zichen Xie , Ferdinando Fioretto , Wenxi Wang

Recently, machine learning has made a significant impact on de novo drug design. However, current approaches to creating novel molecules conditioned on a target protein typically rely on generating molecules directly in the 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Elbert Ho

Recent advances in latent diffusion models have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in high-dimensional time-series data synthesis while providing flexible control through conditioning and guidance. However, existing methodologies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Matteo Pettenó , Alessandro Ilic Mezza , Alberto Bernardini

Deep generative models are rapidly advancing structure-based drug design, offering substantial promise for generating small molecule ligands that bind to specific protein targets. However, most current approaches assume a rigid protein…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-19 Xinzhe Zheng , Shiyu Jiang , Gustavo Seabra , Chenglong Li , Yanjun Li

Protein sequence design has seen significant advances through discrete diffusion and autoregressive approaches, yet the potential of continuous diffusion remains underexplored. Here, we present DiMA, a latent diffusion framework that…

Molecular property prediction constitutes a cornerstone of drug discovery and materials science, necessitating models capable of disentangling complex structure-property relationships across diverse molecular modalities. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Long Xu , Junping Guo , Jianbo Zhao , Jianbo Lu , Yuzhong Peng