Related papers: Which Discoveries Are Paradigm Shifting?
Complexity is a multi-faceted phenomenon, involving a variety of features including disorder, nonlinearity, and self-organisation. We use a recently developed rigorous framework for complexity to understand measures of complexity. We…
In order to evaluate the quality of the scientific research, we introduce a new family of scientific performance measures, called Scientific Research Measures (SRM). Our proposal originates from the more recent developments in the theory of…
We propose a series of methods to represent the evolution of a field of science at different levels: namely micro, meso and macro levels. We use a previously introduced asymmetric measure of paradigmatic proximity between terms that enables…
Real-world deployment of machine learning models is challenging because data evolves over time. While no model can work when data evolves in an arbitrary fashion, if there is some pattern to these changes, we might be able to design methods…
Innovation or the creation and diffusion of new material, social and cultural things in society has been widely studied in sociology and across the social sciences, with investigations sufficiently diverse and dispersed to make them…
We introduce the QIC-Index, a novel metric to address the failure of publication-centric metrics to value research data sharing. The QIC-Index quantifies the impact of individual data objects by calculating a score based on their Quality…
This study examines the relationship between the concept of serious leisure and user innovation. We adopted the characteristics of innovative consumers identified by Luthje (2004)-product use experience, information exchange, and new…
The process of innovation follows non-linear patterns across the domains of science, technology, and the economy. Novel bibliometric mapping techniques can be used to investigate and represent distinctive, but complementary perspectives on…
The accelerating pace of scientific publication makes it difficult to identify truly original research among incremental work. We propose a framework for estimating the conceptual novelty of research papers by combining semantic…
Is more novel research always desirable? We develop a model in which knowledge shapes society's policies and guides the search for discoveries. Researchers select a question and how intensely to study it. The novelty of a question…
Massive neutrinos and leptonic mixings have provided the first evidence of flavour violation in the lepton sector, opening a unique gateway to many new phenomena. Among the latter, one finds processes violating lepton number, charged lepton…
We describe a method for estimation of the discovery potential on new physics in planned experiments. The effective significance of signal for given probability of observation is proposed for planned experiments instead of the usual…
The existence of observables that are incompatible or not jointly measurable is a characteristic feature of quantum mechanics, which lies at the root of a number of nonclassical phenomena, such as uncertainty relations, wave--particle dual…
Allocation of research funding, as well as promotion and tenure decisions, are increasingly made using indicators and impact factors drawn from citations to published work. A debate among scientometricians about proper normalization of…
An increase in the novelty of news predicts negative stock market returns and negative macroeconomic outcomes over the next year. We quantify news novelty - changes in the distribution of news text - through an entropy measure, calculated…
In estimation a parameter $\theta\in{\mathbb R}$ from a sample $(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ from a population $P_{\theta}$ a simple way of incorporating a new observation $x_{n+1}$ into an estimator $\tilde\theta_{n} =…
The use of Association Rule Mining techniques in diverse contexts and domains has resulted in the creation of numerous interestingness measures. This, in turn, has motivated researchers to come up with various classification schemes for…
The fact that neutrinos have mass allows them to possess many other properties, like a magnetic dipole moment and a finite decay width. Theoretical expectations for these are, however, well beyond current experimental bounds, and the…
We define a novel quantitative strategy inspired by the ecological notion of nestedness to single out the scale at which innovation complexity emerges from the aggregation of specialized building blocks. Our analysis not only suggests that…
I argue that data becomes temporarily interesting by itself to some self-improving, but computationally limited, subjective observer once he learns to predict or compress the data in a better way, thus making it subjectively simpler and…