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Social media platforms increasingly rely on crowdsourced moderation systems like Community Notes to combat misinformation at scale. However, these systems face challenges from rater bias and potential manipulation, which may undermine their…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Bao Tran Truong , Siqi Wu , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Menczer , Alexander J. Stewart

Matrix factorization (MF) is extensively used to mine the user preference from explicit ratings in recommender systems. However, the reliability of explicit ratings is not always consistent, because many factors may affect the user's final…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Zhipeng Wu , Hui Tian , Xuzhen Zhu , Shuo Wang

Crowdsourced moderation systems like Twitter/X's Community Notes program have been proposed as scalable alternatives to professional fact-checkers for combating online misinformation. While prior research has examined the effectiveness of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Morgan Wack , Patrick Warren , Mustafa Alam

This paper describes a new approach, based on linear programming, for computing nonnegative matrix factorizations (NMFs). The key idea is a data-driven model for the factorization where the most salient features in the data are used to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-02-05 Victor Bittorf , Benjamin Recht , Christopher Re , Joel A. Tropp

Collaborative filtering generates recommendations by exploiting user-item similarities based on rating data, which often contains numerous unrated items. To predict scores for unrated items, matrix factorization techniques such as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-30 Yukino Terui , Yuka Inoue , Yohei Hamakawa , Kosuke Tatsumura , Kazue Kudo

X's Community Notes, a crowd-sourced fact-checking system, allows users to annotate potentially misleading posts. Notes rated as helpful by a diverse set of users are prominently displayed below the original post. While demonstrably…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Soham De , Michiel A. Bakker , Jay Baxter , Martin Saveski

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) aims to factorize a matrix into two optimized nonnegative matrices and has been widely used for unsupervised learning tasks such as product recommendation based on a rating matrix. However, although…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-04-03 Junyu Xuan , Jie Lu , Xiangfeng Luo , Guangquan Zhang

Much work on social media opinion polarization focuses on a flat categorization of stances (or orthogonal beliefs) of different communities from media traces. We extend in this work in two important respects. First, we detect not only…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Chaoqi Yang , Jinyang Li , Ruijie Wang , Shuochao Yao , Huajie Shao , Dongxin Liu , Shengzhong Liu , Tianshi Wang , Tarek F. Abdelzaher

Community-based fact-checking systems, such as Community Notes on X (formerly Twitter), aim to mitigate online misinformation by surfacing annotations judged helpful by contributors with diverse viewpoints. While prior work has shown that…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuwei Chuai , Gabriele Lenzini , Nicolas Pröllochs

The Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) of the rating matrix has shown to be an effective method to tackle the recommendation problem. In this paper we propose new methods based on the NMF of the rating matrix and we compare them with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Gianna M. Del Corso , Francesco Romani

Social media platforms face increasing scrutiny over the rapid spread of misinformation. In response, many have adopted community-based content moderation systems, including Community Notes (formerly Birdwatch) on X (formerly Twitter),…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Gabriela Juncosa , Saeedeh Mohammadi , Margaret Samahita , Taha Yasseri

Beyond accuracy, quality measures are gaining importance in modern recommender systems, with reliability being one of the most important indicators in the context of collaborative filtering. This paper proposes Bernoulli Matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Fernando Ortega , Raúl Lara-Cabrera , Ángel González-Prieto , Jesús Bobadilla

Community Notes (CNs) of X enables users to collaboratively moderate misleading content. To resolve conflicting moderation, CNs infers a latent ideological dimension and selects notes garnering cross-partisan support. As this system is now…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Paul Bouchaud , Pedro Ramaciotti

Matrix Factorization techniques have been successfully applied to raise the quality of suggestions generated by Collaborative Filtering Systems (CFSs). Traditional CFSs based on Matrix Factorization operate on the ratings provided by users…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2012-02-13 Pasquale De Meo , Emilio Ferrara , Giacomo Fiumara , Alessandro Provetti

Collaborative filtering is one of the most popular techniques in designing recommendation systems, and its most representative model, matrix factorization, has been wildly used by researchers and the industry. However, this model suffers…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Yixin Su , Sarah Monazam Erfani , Rui Zhang

In recent years, the proliferation of misinformation on social media platforms has become a significant concern. Initially designed for sharing information and fostering social connections, platforms like Twitter (now rebranded as X) have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Uku Kangur , Roshni Chakraborty , Rajesh Sharma

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a widely used dimension reduction method that factorizes a non-negative data matrix into two lower dimensional non-negative matrices: One is the basis or feature matrix which consists of the…

Applications · Statistics 2022-11-03 Yun Cai , Hong Gu , Toby Kenney

Matrix factorization is a popular framework for modeling low-rank data matrices. Motivated by manifold learning problems, this paper proposes a quadratic matrix factorization (QMF) framework to learn the curved manifold on which the dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Zheng Zhai , Hengchao Chen , Qiang Sun

Community Notes have emerged as an effective crowd-sourced mechanism for combating online deception on social media platforms. However, its reliance on human contributors limits both the timeliness and scalability. In this work, we study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jin Ma , Jingwen Yan , Mohammed Aldeen , Ethan Anderson , Taran Kavuru , Jinkyung Katie Park , Feng Luo , Long Cheng

The matrix factorization (MF) technique has been widely adopted for solving the rating prediction problem in recommender systems. The MF technique utilizes the latent factor model to obtain static user preferences (user latent vectors) and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-10-20 Yung-Yin Lo , Wanjiun Liao , Cheng-Shang Chang
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