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As quantum computing scales toward practical workloads, future systems are expected to move beyond single monolithic processors toward modular architectures that connect multiple QPUs. Different platforms realize this modularity through…

Quantum computers process information with the laws of quantum mechanics. Current quantum hardware is noisy, can only store information for a short time, and is limited to a few quantum bits, i.e., qubits, typically arranged in a planar…

Present-day quantum systems face critical bottlenecks, including limited qubit counts, brief coherence intervals, and high susceptibility to errors-all of which obstruct the execution of large and complex circuits. The advancement of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Waylon Luo , Jiapeng Zhao , Tong Zhan , Qiang Guan

Interconnecting clusters of qubits will be an essential element of scaling up future quantum computers. Operations between quantum processing units (QPUs) are usually significantly slower and costlier than those within a single QPU, so…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-09 Edwin Tham , Ilia Khait , Aharon Brodutch

Quantum computing (QC) offers a new computing paradigm that has the potential to provide significant speedups over classical computing. Each additional qubit doubles the size of the computational state space available to a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-13 Wei Tang , Margaret Martonosi

Quantum computers are the next evolution of computing hardware. Quantum devices are being exposed through the same familiar cloud platforms used for classical computers, and enabling seamless execution of hybrid applications that combine…

A quantum processing unit (QPU) must contain a large number of high quality qubits to produce accurate results for problems at useful scales. In contrast, most scientific and industry classical computation workloads happen in parallel on…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Wei Tang , Margaret Martonosi

Modular quantum computing provides a scalable approach to overcome the limitations of monolithic quantum architectures by interconnecting multiple Quantum Processing Units (QPUs) through a quantum network. In this work, we explore and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Reza Nejabati , Don Towsley , Ramana Kompella , Eneet Kaur

Quantum processing unit (QPU) has to satisfy highly demanding quantity and quality requirements on its qubits to produce accurate results for problems at useful scales. Furthermore, classical simulations of quantum circuits generally do not…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Wei Tang , Margaret Martonosi

Modular quantum processor architectures are envisioned as a promising solution for the scalability of quantum computing systems beyond the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices era. Based upon interconnecting tens to hundreds of…

The use of quantum processing units (QPUs) promises speed-ups for solving computational problems, but the quantum devices currently available possess only a very limited number of qubits and suffer from considerable imperfections. One…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Karen Wintersperger , Hila Safi , Wolfgang Mauerer

As quantum computing (QC) technologies mature, their integration into established high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures is becoming a central objective for next-generation computing systems. However, unlocking the potential of…

The prospects of quantum computing have driven efforts to realize fully functional quantum processing units (QPUs). Recent success in developing proof-of-principle QPUs has prompted the question of how to integrate these emerging processors…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-12-10 Keith A. Britt , Travis S. Humble

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is being actively investigated as a means of scaling the number of qubits across multiple connected quantum devices. This includes quantum circuit compilation and execution management on multiple quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Gongyu Ni , Davide Ferrari , Lester Ho , Michele Amoretti

Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in computation, offering the potential to solve complex problems intractable for classical computers. Although current quantum processors already consist of a few hundred of qubits, their…

Progress in the realm of quantum technologies is paving the way for a multitude of potential applications across different sectors. However, the reduced number of available quantum computers, their technical limitations and the high demand…

The advent of hybrid computing platforms consisting of quantum processing units integrated with conventional high-performance computing brings new opportunities for algorithm design. By strategically offloading select portions of the…

Circuit cutting allows quantum circuits larger than the available hardware to be executed. Cutting techniques split circuits into smaller subcircuits, run them on the hardware, and recombine results through classical post-processing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Songqinghao Yang , Prakash Murali

Modular architectures are a promising approach to scaling quantum computers beyond the limits of monolithic designs. However, non-local communications between different quantum processors might significantly impact overall system…

For the first time in history, we are seeing a branching point in computing paradigms with the emergence of quantum processing units (QPUs). Extracting the full potential of computation and realizing quantum algorithms with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-29 Sergey Bravyi , Oliver Dial , Jay M. Gambetta , Dario Gil , Zaira Nazario
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