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We present an end-to-end pipeline that converts healthcare policy documents into executable, data-aware Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) models using large language models (LLMs) for simulation-based policy evaluation. We address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Praveen Kumar Menaka Sekar , Ion Matei , Maksym Zhenirovskyy , Hon Yung Wong , Sayuri Kohmura , Shinji Hotta , Akihiro Inomata

Automatically reconstructing BPMN models from unstructured natural-language descriptions remains challenging due to heterogeneous modeling conventions, multilingual sources, and the lack of reliable ground truth. We present a scalable,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ion Matei , Maksym Zhenirovskyy , Praveen Kumar Menaka Sekar , Hon Yung Wong

Efficient planning, resource management, and consistent operations often rely on converting textual process documents into formal Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) models. However, this conversion process remains time-intensive and…

BPMN is a specification language widely used by industry and researchers for business process modeling and execution. It defines clearly how to articulate its concepts, but do not provide mechanism to represent the semantics of the produced…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Sérgio Guerreiro , Pedro Sousa

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) provides a standard for the design of business processes. It focuses on bridging the gap between the analysis and the technical perspectives, and aims to deliver process automation. The aim of this…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-09-01 Anastasios Gounaris

Recent advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), have stimulated growing interest in automating or assisting Business Process Modeling tasks using natural language. Several approaches have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 João Bettencourt , Sérgio Guerreiro

The requirements engineering process is a crucial stage of the software development life cycle. It involves various stakeholders from different professional backgrounds, particularly in the requirements elicitation phase. Each stakeholder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Vaibhav Jain , Ruchika Malhotra , Sanskar Jain , Nishant Tanwar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are intended to reflect human linguistic competencies. But humans have access to a broad and embodied context, which is key in detecting and resolving linguistic ambiguities, even in isolated text spans. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Amber Shore , Russell Scheinberg , Ameeta Agrawal , So Young Lee

Natural language often contains ambiguities that can lead to misinterpretation and miscommunication. While humans can handle ambiguities effectively by asking clarifying questions and/or relying on contextual cues and common-sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Ninareh Mehrabi , Palash Goyal , Apurv Verma , Jwala Dhamala , Varun Kumar , Qian Hu , Kai-Wei Chang , Richard Zemel , Aram Galstyan , Rahul Gupta

In interactions between users and language model agents, user utterances frequently exhibit ellipsis (omission of words or phrases) or imprecision (lack of exactness) to prioritize efficiency. This can lead to varying interpretations of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Hyuhng Joon Kim , Youna Kim , Cheonbok Park , Junyeob Kim , Choonghyun Park , Kang Min Yoo , Sang-goo Lee , Taeuk Kim

The growing use of large language models (LLMs) has increased the importance of natural language (NL) in software engineering. However, ambiguity of NL can harm software quality, as unclear problem descriptions may lead to incorrect program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Haoxiang Jia , Robbie Morris , He Ye , Federica Sarro , Sergey Mechtaev

A complex business process demands adaptability as it has been highly influenced by the contextual information. The contextual information declares the underlying semantics on which the process logic depends. Thus one of the challenges of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Debarpita Santra , Sankhayan Choudhury

Domain models are central to software engineering, as they enable a shared understanding, guide implementation, and support automated analyses and model-driven development. Yet, despite these benefits, practitioners often skip modeling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Gökberk Çelikmasat , Atay Özgövde , Fatma Başak Aydemir

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in code generation tasks under idealized conditions, where task descriptions are clear and precise. However, in practice, task descriptions frequently exhibit ambiguity,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maya Larbi , Amal Akli , Mike Papadakis , Rihab Bouyousfi , Maxime Cordy , Federica Sarro , Yves Le Traon

The widely adopted Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a cornerstone of industry standards for business process modeling. However, its ambiguous execution semantics often result in inconsistent interpretations, depending on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Gerhard Zeisler , Tim Tobias Braunauer , Albert Fleischmann , Robert Singer

Ambiguity in natural language instructions poses significant risks in safety-critical human-robot interaction, particularly in domains such as surgery. To address this, we propose a framework that uses Large Language Models (LLMs) for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Ana Davila , Jacinto Colan , Yasuhisa Hasegawa

Process modeling is usually done using imperative modeling languages like BPMN or EPCs. In order to cope with the complexity of human-centric and flexible business processes several declarative process modeling languages (DPMLs) have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Lars Ackermann , Stefan Schönig , Stefan Jablonski

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a widely used standard for modelling business processes. While automated planning has been proposed as a method for simulating and reasoning about BPMN workflows, most implementations remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jasper Nie , Christian Muise , Victoria Armstrong

Explanations shed light on a machine learning model's rationales and can aid in identifying deficiencies in its reasoning process. Explanation generation models are typically trained in a supervised way given human explanations. When such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Pepa Atanasova , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Christina Lioma , Isabelle Augenstein

Language models have recently achieved strong performance across a wide range of NLP benchmarks. However, unlike benchmarks, real world tasks are often poorly specified, and agents must deduce the user's intended behavior from a combination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Alex Tamkin , Kunal Handa , Avash Shrestha , Noah Goodman
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