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Unified multimodal models aim to jointly enable visual understanding and generation, yet current benchmarks rarely examine their true integration. Existing evaluations either treat the two abilities in isolation or overlook tasks that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kai Zou , Ziqi Huang , Yuhao Dong , Shulin Tian , Dian Zheng , Hongbo Liu , Jingwen He , Bin Liu , Yu Qiao , Ziwei Liu

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) achieve strong performance in both understanding and generation by learning a shared latent space, yet they often exhibit functional inconsistency between these two capabilities. We observe that this issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yinyi Luo , Wenwen Wang , Hayes Bai , Marios Savvides , Jindong Wang

In real-world multimodal applications, systems usually need to comprehend arbitrarily combined and interleaved multimodal inputs from users, while also generating outputs in any interleaved multimedia form. This capability defines the goal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yanlin Li , Minghui Guo , Kaiwen Zhang , Shize Zhang , Yiran Zhao , Haodong Li , Congyue Zhou , Weijie Zheng , Yushen Yan , Shengqiong Wu , Wei Ji , Lei Cui , Furu Wei , Hao Fei , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Unifying multimodal understanding and generation has shown impressive capabilities in cutting-edge proprietary systems. However, evaluations of unified multimodal models (UMMs) remain decoupled, assessing their understanding and generation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Kai Liu , Leyang Chen , Wenbo Li , Zhikai Chen , Zhixin Wang , Renjing Pei , Linghe Kong , Yulun Zhang

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) aim to integrate understanding and generation within a single architecture. However, it remains underexplored how to effectively coordinate these two capabilities for more effective and efficient reasoning.…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hayes Bai , Yinyi Luo , Wenwen Wang , Qingsong Wen , Jindong Wang

Unified models (UMs) hold promise for their ability to understand and generate content across heterogeneous modalities. Compared to merely generating visual content, the use of UMs for interleaved cross-modal reasoning is more promising and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jiachun Jin , Zetong Zhou , Xiao Yang , Hao Zhang , Pengfei Liu , Jun Zhu , Zhijie Deng

Current multimodal and multitask foundation models like 4M or UnifiedIO show promising results, but in practice their out-of-the-box abilities to accept diverse inputs and perform diverse tasks are limited by the (usually rather small)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Roman Bachmann , Oğuzhan Fatih Kar , David Mizrahi , Ali Garjani , Mingfei Gao , David Griffiths , Jiaming Hu , Afshin Dehghan , Amir Zamir

In this paper, we propose \textbf{UniCode}, a novel approach within the domain of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that learns a unified codebook to efficiently tokenize visual, text, and potentially other types of signals. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Sipeng Zheng , Bohan Zhou , Yicheng Feng , Ye Wang , Zongqing Lu

Significant advancements has recently been achieved in the field of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), demonstrating their remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning across diverse tasks. However, these models are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Zhaowei Li , Wei Wang , YiQing Cai , Xu Qi , Pengyu Wang , Dong Zhang , Hang Song , Botian Jiang , Zhida Huang , Tao Wang

Current vision-language models have been explored for multi-modal embedding tasks like information retrieval. However, they face significant challenges in real-world queries and targets involving diverse modality combinations, as existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jiajun Qin , Yuan Pu , Zhuolun He , Seunggeun Kim , David Z. Pan , Bei Yu

Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) have shown impressive performance in both understanding and generation with a single architecture. However, UMMs still exhibit a fundamental inconsistency: understanding favors compact embeddings, whereas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhaolong Su , Wang Lu , Hao Chen , Sharon Li , Jindong Wang

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) have achieved remarkable progress yet remain constrained by a single-turn interaction paradigm, effectively functioning as solvers for independent requests rather than assistants in continuous dialogue. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Wenxun Dai , Zhiyuan Zhao , Yule Zhong , Yiji Cheng , Jianwei Zhang , Linqing Wang , Shiyi Zhang , Yunlong Lin , Runze He , Fellix Song , Wayne Zhuang , Yong Liu , Haoji Zhang , Yansong Tang , Qinglin Lu , Chunyu Wang

Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) offer powerful cross-modality capabilities but introduce new safety risks not observed in single-task models. Despite their emergence, existing safety benchmarks remain fragmented across tasks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Segyu Lee , Boryeong Cho , Hojung Jung , Seokhyun An , Juhyeong Kim , Jaehyun Kwak , Yongjin Yang , Sangwon Jang , Youngrok Park , Wonjun Chang , Se-Young Yun

Existed pre-training methods either focus on single-modal tasks or multi-modal tasks, and cannot effectively adapt to each other. They can only utilize single-modal data (i.e. text or image) or limited multi-modal data (i.e. image-text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Wei Li , Can Gao , Guocheng Niu , Xinyan Xiao , Hao Liu , Jiachen Liu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Current machine learning models for vision are often highly specialized and limited to a single modality and task. In contrast, recent large language models exhibit a wide range of capabilities, hinting at a possibility for similarly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 David Mizrahi , Roman Bachmann , Oğuzhan Fatih Kar , Teresa Yeo , Mingfei Gao , Afshin Dehghan , Amir Zamir

Multimodal foundation models that can holistically process text alongside images, video, audio, and other sensory modalities are increasingly used in a variety of real-world applications. However, it is challenging to characterize and study…

Large-scale models have exhibited remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, including automated medical services and intelligent customer support. However, as most large models are trained on single-modality corpora, enabling them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Hao Sun , Yu Song , Jiaqing Liu , Jihong Hu , Yen-Wei Chen , Lanfen Lin

Existing MLLM benchmarks face significant challenges in evaluating Unified MLLMs (U-MLLMs) due to: 1) lack of standardized benchmarks for traditional tasks, leading to inconsistent comparisons; 2) absence of benchmarks for mixed-modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Wulin Xie , Yi-Fan Zhang , Chaoyou Fu , Yang Shi , Bingyan Nie , Hongkai Chen , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), tremendous strides have been made in the field of multimodal understanding. However, existing advanced algorithms are limited to effectively utilizing the immense representation capabilities and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Hao Feng , Zijian Wang , Jingqun Tang , Jinghui Lu , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li , Can Huang

With the rapid advancement of image generation, visual text editing using natural language instructions has received increasing attention. The main challenge of this task is to fully understand the instruction and reference image, and thus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lichen Ma , Xiaolong Fu , Gaojing Zhou , Zipeng Guo , Ting Zhu , Yichun Liu , Yu Shi , Jason Li , Junshi Huang
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