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Recent empirical research has demonstrated that deep learning optimizers based on the linear minimization oracle (LMO) over specifically chosen Non-Euclidean norm balls, such as Muon and Scion, outperform Adam-type methods in the training…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Xun Qian , Hussein Rammal , Dmitry Kovalev , Peter Richtárik

Recent optimizers like Muon, Scion, and Gluon have pushed the frontier of large-scale deep learning by exploiting layer-wise linear minimization oracles (LMOs) over non-Euclidean norm balls, capturing neural network structure in ways…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Kaja Gruntkowska , Alexander Gaponov , Zhirayr Tovmasyan , Peter Richtárik

Recently, a new optimization method based on the linear minimization oracle (LMO), called Muon, has been attracting increasing attention since it can train neural networks faster than existing adaptive optimization methods, such as Adam. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuki Takezawa , Anastasia Koloskova , Xiaowen Jiang , Sebastian U. Stich

Recent advances in distributed optimization have shown that Newton-type methods with proper communication compression mechanisms can guarantee fast local rates and low communication cost compared to first order methods. We discover that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Xun Qian , Rustem Islamov , Mher Safaryan , Peter Richtárik

The recently introduced optimizer, Muon, has gained increasing attention due to its superior performance across a wide range of applications. However, its effectiveness in federated learning remains unexplored. To address this gap, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xinwen Zhang , Hongchang Gao

The core bottleneck of Federated Learning (FL) lies in the communication rounds. That is, how to achieve more effective local updates is crucial for reducing communication rounds. Existing FL methods still primarily use element-wise local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Junkang Liu , Fanhua Shang , Junchao Zhou , Hongying Liu , Yuanyuan Liu , Jin Liu

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) is increasingly constrained by memory and deployment costs, motivating compression methods for practical deployment. Many state-of-the-art compression pipelines leverage the low-rank…

In federated learning, communication cost is often a critical bottleneck to scale up distributed optimization algorithms to collaboratively learn a model from millions of devices with potentially unreliable or limited communication and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Farzin Haddadpour , Mohammad Mahdi Kamani , Aryan Mokhtari , Mehrdad Mahdavi

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve competitive performance across diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet pretraining is computationally demanding, making optimizer efficiency an important practical consideration. Muon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jingru Li , Yibo Fan , Huan Li

Communication overhead is a key challenge in distributed deep learning, especially on slower Ethernet interconnects, and given current hardware trends, communication is likely to become a major bottleneck. While gradient compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Satoki Ishikawa , Tal Ben-Nun , Brian Van Essen , Rio Yokota , Nikoli Dryden

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising technique for the collaborative training of deep neural networks across multiple devices while preserving data privacy. Despite its potential benefits, FL is hindered by excessive communication costs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Vasileios Tsouvalas , Aaqib Saeed , Tanir Ozcelebi , Nirvana Meratnia

Decentralized optimization methods enable on-device training of machine learning models without a central coordinator. In many scenarios communication between devices is energy demanding and time consuming and forms the bottleneck of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-04 Dmitry Kovalev , Anastasia Koloskova , Martin Jaggi , Peter Richtarik , Sebastian U. Stich

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a natural method for finetuning in communication-constrained machine learning settings such as cross-device federated learning. Prior work that has studied LoRA in the context of federated learning has focused…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Kevin Kuo , Arian Raje , Kousik Rajesh , Virginia Smith

Recently, the Muon optimizer based on matrix orthogonalization has demonstrated strong results in training small-scale language models, but the scalability to larger models has not been proven. We identify two crucial techniques for scaling…

Communication on heterogeneous edge networks is a fundamental bottleneck in Federated Learning (FL), restricting both model capacity and user participation. To address this issue, we introduce two novel strategies to reduce communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Sebastian Caldas , Jakub Konečny , H. Brendan McMahan , Ameet Talwalkar

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable advanced natural language processing but face deployment challenges on resource-constrained edge devices due to high computational, memory, and energy demands. Optimizing these models requires addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jacob Sander , Brian Jalaian , Venkat R. Dasari

Federated Learning (FL) incurs high communication overhead, which can be greatly alleviated by compression for model updates. Yet the tradeoff between compression and model accuracy in the networked environment remains unclear and, for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Laizhong Cui , Xiaoxin Su , Yipeng Zhou , Jiangchuan Liu

Matrix-based preconditioned optimizers, such as Muon, have recently been shown to be more efficient than scalar-based optimizers for training large-scale neural networks, including large language models (LLMs). Recent benchmark studies of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yifeng Liu , Angela Yuan , Quanquan Gu

Gradient compression alleviates expensive communication in distributed deep learning by sending fewer values and its corresponding indices, typically via Allgather (AG). Training with high compression ratio (CR) achieves high accuracy like…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Sahil Tyagi , Martin Swany

Large models recently are widely applied in artificial intelligence, so efficient training of large models has received widespread attention. More recently, a useful Muon optimizer is specifically designed for matrix-structured parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Feihu Huang , Yuning Luo , Songcan Chen
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