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Measurements of the variation of anisotropic flow-plane angles ($\Psi_n$) with rapidity, commonly known as the flow-plane decorrelation, provide important insights into the initial conditions of the matter produced in heavy-ion collisions.…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-01-16 STAR Collaboration

Anisotropic flow of hadrons is studied in heavy ion collisions at SPS and RHIC energies within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. The model was found to reproduce correctly many of the flow features, e.g., the wiggle structure of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 E. Zabrodin , L. Bravina , C. Fuchs , A. Faessler

Flow observables in heavy-ion reactions at incident energies up to about 1 GeV per nucleon have been shown to be very useful for investigating the reaction dynamics and for determining the parameters of reaction models based on transport…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2014-03-25 P. Russotto , M. D. Cozma , A. Le Fevre , Y. Leifels , R. Lemmon , Q. Li , J. Lukasik , W. Trautmann

We investigate the nonlinear response of flow harmonics $v_2,v_4$ to initial-state eccentricities $\epsilon_2,\epsilon_4$ within the Gubser-flow framework. By extending the perturbative solutions of Gubser flow, we derive analytic nonlinear…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-04-14 Xiang Ren , Jin-Yu Hu , Hao-jie Xu , Shi Pu

We investigate the development of the directed, $v_1$, and elliptic flow, $v_2$, in heavy ion collisions in mid-central Au+Au reactions at $E_\mathrm{lab}=1.23 A$ GeV. We demonstrate that the elliptic flow of hot and dense matter is…

A simple geometrical model with event-by-event fluctuations is suggested to study elliptical and triangular eccentricities in the initial state of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This model describes rather well the ALICE and ATLAS data…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-08-11 G. Kh. Eyyubova , V. L. Korotkikh , A. M. Snigirev , E. E. Zabrodin

Measurements of two-particle azimuthal angle correlations are a useful tool to study the distribution of jet energy loss, however, they are complicated because of the significant anisotropic flow background. We devise a data-driven method…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-07-24 Liang Zhang , Kun Jiang , Cheng Li , Feng Liu , Fuqiang Wang

The elliptic flow of inclusive and direct photons was measured by ALICE for central and semi-central Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=2.76$ TeV. The photons were reconstructed using the electromagnetic calorimeter PHOS and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-14 Mike Sas

We present measurements of pion elliptic flow ($v_2$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sNN =$ 200, 62.4, 39, 27 and 19.6 GeV, as a function of event-by-event charge asymmetry ($A_{\pm}$), based on data from the STAR experiment at RHIC. We find that…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Gang Wang

The second Fourier component v_2 of the azimuthal anisotropy with respect to the reaction plane was measured for direct photons at midrapidity and transverse momentum (p_T) of 1--13 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at sqr(s_NN)=200 GeV. Previous…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-12-10 A. Adare , S. Afanasiev , C. Aidala , N. N. Ajitanand , Y. Akiba , H. Al-Bataineh , J. Alexander , K. Aoki , Y. Aramaki , E. T. Atomssa , R. Averbeck , T. C. Awes , B. Azmoun , V. Babintsev , M. Bai , G. Baksay , L. Baksay , K. N. Barish , B. Bassalleck , A. T. Basye , S. Bathe , V. Baublis , C. Baumann , A. Bazilevsky , S. Belikov , R. Belmont , R. Bennett , A. Berdnikov , Y. Berdnikov , A. A. Bickley , J. S. Bok , K. Boyle , M. L. Brooks , H. Buesching , V. Bumazhnov , G. Bunce , S. Butsyk , C. M. Camacho , S. Campbell , C. -H. Chen , C. Y. Chi , M. Chiu , I. J. Choi , R. K. Choudhury , P. Christiansen , T. Chujo , P. Chung , O. Chvala , V. Cianciolo , Z. Citron , B. A. Cole , M. Connors , P. Constantin , M. Csanád , T. Csörgő , T. Dahms , S. Dairaku , I. Danchev , K. Das , A. Datta , G. David , A. Denisov , A. Deshpande , E. J. Desmond , O. Dietzsch , A. Dion , M. Donadelli , O. Drapier , A. Drees , K. A. Drees , J. M. Durham , A. Durum , D. Dutta , S. Edwards , Y. V. Efremenko , F. Ellinghaus , T. Engelmore , A. Enokizono , H. En'yo , S. Esumi , B. Fadem , D. E. Fields , M. Finger , M. Finger , F. Fleuret , S. L. Fokin , Z. Fraenkel , J. E. Frantz , A. Franz , A. D. Frawley , K. Fujiwara , Y. Fukao , T. Fusayasu , I. Garishvili , A. Glenn , H. Gong , M. Gonin , Y. Goto , R. Granier de Cassagnac , N. Grau , S. V. Greene , M. Grosse Perdekamp , T. Gunji , H. -Å. Gustafsson , J. S. Haggerty , K. I. Hahn , H. Hamagaki , J. Hamblen , R. Han , J. Hanks , E. P. Hartouni , E. Haslum , R. Hayano , X. He , M. Heffner , T. K. Hemmick , T. Hester , J. C. Hill , M. Hohlmann , W. Holzmann , K. Homma , B. Hong , T. Horaguchi , D. Hornback , S. Huang , T. Ichihara , R. Ichimiya , J. Ide , Y. Ikeda , K. Imai , M. Inaba , D. Isenhower , M. Ishihara , T. Isobe , M. Issah , A. Isupov , D. Ivanischev , B. V. Jacak , J. Jia , J. Jin , B. M. Johnson , K. S. Joo , D. Jouan , D. S. Jumper , F. Kajihara , S. Kametani , N. Kamihara , J. Kamin , J. H. Kang , J. Kapustinsky , K. Karatsu , D. Kawall , M. Kawashima , A. V. Kazantsev , T. Kempel , A. Khanzadeev , K. M. Kijima , B. I. Kim , D. H. Kim , D. J. Kim , E. Kim , E. J. Kim , S. H. Kim , Y. J. Kim , E. Kinney , K. Kiriluk , Á. Kiss , E. Kistenev , L. Kochenda , B. Komkov , M. Konno , J. Koster , D. Kotchetkov , A. Kozlov , A. Král , A. Kravitz , G. J. Kunde , K. Kurita , M. Kurosawa , Y. Kwon , G. S. Kyle , R. Lacey , Y. S. Lai , J. G. Lajoie , A. Lebedev , D. M. Lee , J. Lee , K. Lee , K. B. Lee , K. S. Lee , M. J. Leitch , M. A. L. Leite , E. Leitner , B. Lenzi , X. Li , P. Liebing , L. A. Linden Levy , T. Liška , A. Litvinenko , H. Liu , M. X. Liu , B. Love , R. Luechtenborg , D. Lynch , C. F. Maguire , Y. I. Makdisi , A. Malakhov , M. D. Malik , V. I. Manko , E. Mannel , Y. Mao , H. Masui , F. Matathias , M. McCumber , P. L. McGaughey , N. Means , B. Meredith , Y. Miake , A. C. Mignerey , P. Mikeš , K. Miki , A. Milov , M. Mishra , J. T. Mitchell , A. K. Mohanty , Y. Morino , A. Morreale , D. P. Morrison , T. V. Moukhanova , J. Murata , S. Nagamiya , J. L. Nagle , M. Naglis , M. I. Nagy , I. Nakagawa , Y. Nakamiya , T. Nakamura , K. Nakano , J. Newby , M. Nguyen , R. Nouicer , A. S. Nyanin , E. O'Brien , S. X. Oda , C. A. Ogilvie , M. Oka , K. Okada , Y. Onuki , A. Oskarsson , M. Ouchida , K. Ozawa , R. Pak , V. Pantuev , V. Papavassiliou , I. H. Park , J. Park , S. K. Park , W. J. Park , S. F. Pate , H. Pei , J. -C. Peng , H. Pereira , V. Peresedov , D. Yu. Peressounko , C. Pinkenburg , R. P. Pisani , M. Proissl , M. L. Purschke , A. K. Purwar , H. Qu , J. Rak , A. Rakotozafindrabe , I. Ravinovich , K. F. Read , K. Reygers , V. Riabov , Y. Riabov , E. Richardson , D. Roach , G. Roche , S. D. Rolnick , M. Rosati , C. A. Rosen , S. S. E. Rosendahl , P. Rosnet , P. Rukoyatkin , P. Ružička , B. Sahlmueller , N. Saito , T. Sakaguchi , K. Sakashita , V. Samsonov , S. Sano , T. Sato , S. Sawada , K. Sedgwick , J. Seele , R. Seidl , A. Yu. Semenov , R. Seto , D. Sharma , I. Shein , T. -A. Shibata , K. Shigaki , M. Shimomura , K. Shoji , P. Shukla , A. Sickles , C. L. Silva , D. Silvermyr , C. Silvestre , K. S. Sim , B. K. Singh , C. P. Singh , V. Singh , M. Slunečka , R. A. Soltz , W. E. Sondheim , S. P. Sorensen , I. V. Sourikova , N. A. Sparks , P. W. Stankus , E. Stenlund , S. P. Stoll , T. Sugitate , A. Sukhanov , J. Sziklai , E. M. Takagui , A. Taketani , R. Tanabe , Y. Tanaka , K. Tanida , M. J. Tannenbaum , S. Tarafdar , A. Taranenko , P. Tarján , H. Themann , T. L. Thomas , M. Togawa , A. Toia , L. Tomášek , H. Torii , R. S. Towell , I. Tserruya , Y. Tsuchimoto , C. Vale , H. Valle , H. W. van Hecke , E. Vazquez-Zambrano , A. Veicht , J. Velkovska , R. Vértesi , A. A. Vinogradov , M. Virius , V. Vrba , E. Vznuzdaev , X. R. Wang , D. Watanabe , K. Watanabe , Y. Watanabe , F. Wei , R. Wei , J. Wessels , S. N. White , D. Winter , J. P. Wood , C. L. Woody , R. M. Wright , M. Wysocki , W. Xie , Y. L. Yamaguchi , K. Yamaura , R. Yang , A. Yanovich , J. Ying , S. Yokkaichi , Z. You , G. R. Young , I. Younus , I. E. Yushmanov , W. A. Zajc , C. Zhang , S. Zhou , L. Zolin

We show that backward-forward elliptic anisotropy correlation provides an experimentally accessible observable which distinguishes between collective and non-collective contributions to the observed elliptic anisotropy $v_2$ in relativistic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-09-02 Jinfeng Liao , Volker Koch

Using the coalescence model with nucleon phase-space distributions generated by the hybrid MUSIC framework, we study the elliptic flow ($v_2$) and triangular flow ($v_3$) of (anti-)protons, (anti-)deuterons, (anti-)$^3\mathrm{He}$, and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-04-07 Fu Ma , Zheng-Qing Wang , Xiong-Hong He , Che Ming Ko , Qi-Ye Shou , Kai-Jia Sun , Wenbin Zhao , Wen-Hao Zhou

The second and the third order anisotropic flow, $V_{2}$ and $V_3$, are determined by the corresponding initial spatial anisotropy coefficients, $\varepsilon_{2}$ and $\varepsilon_{3}$, in the initial density distribution. On the contrary,…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-01-03 You Zhou

The collective flow provides valuable insights into the anisotropic expansion of particles produced in heavy-ion collisions and is sensitive to the equation of the state of nuclear matter in high-baryon-density regions. In this paper, we…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-01-24 Shaowei Lan , Zuowen Liu , Like Liu , Shusu Shi

In high energy heavy-ion collisions, the final anisotropic flow coefficients and their corresponding event-plane correlations are considered as the medium evolutional response to the initial geometrical eccentricities and their…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-02-19 Jing Yang , Yong Zhang

We study the longitudinal decorrelations of elliptic, triangular and quadrangular flows in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and RHIC energies. The event-by-event CLVisc (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics model, combined with the fully…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Xiang-Yu Wu , Long-Gang Pang , Guang-You Qin , Xin-Nian Wang

In this paper, new measurements of anisotropic flow ($v_{1}$, $v_{2}$) for identified particles such as pions and proton in Cu+Au collisions at 200 GeV and U+U collisions at 193 GeV are reported. The anisotropic flow is studied as a…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-06-11 Shengli Huang

In this work, we present the results obtained by the hydrodynamic code NeXSPheRIO on anisotropic flows. In our calculation, we made use of event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions, and chemical freeze-out was explicitly implemented. We…

Azimuthal angle correlations of charged hadrons were measured in $\sqrt s_{NN}$ = 2.76 TeV PbPb collisions by the CMS experiment. The distributions exhibit anisotropies that are correlated with the event-by-event orientation of the reaction…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Eric Appelt

We present elliptic flow ($v_2$) of identified hadrons at mid-rapidity ($|y| < 1.0$) in Au+Au collisions at $E_{lab} = 35\mathrm{~A~GeV}$ using the Parton Hadron String Dynamics (PHSD) model. Transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) dependence…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-07-11 B. Towseef , M. Farooq , V. Bairathi , B. Waseem , S. Kabana , S. Ahmad