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While Vision-language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong semantic capabilities, their ability to interpret the underlying geometric structure of visual information is less explored. Pictographic characters, which combine visual form…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zihao Wan , Pau Tong Lin Xu , Fuwen Luo , Ziyue Wang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) typically align visual features from an encoder with a pre-trained Large Language Model (LLM). However, this makes the visual perception module a bottleneck, which constrains the overall capabilities of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Wenhao Zhou , Hao Zheng , Rong Zhao

Vision language models (VLMs) excel at zero-shot visual classification, but their performance on fine-grained tasks and large hierarchical label spaces is understudied. This paper investigates whether structured, tree-based reasoning can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Sary Elmansoury , Islam Mesabah , Gerrit Großmann , Peter Neigel , Raj Bhalwankar , Daniel Kondermann , Sebastian J. Vollmer

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly proposed as general-purpose solutions for visual recognition tasks, yet their reliability for agricultural decision support remains poorly understood. We benchmark a diverse set of open-source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Earl Ranario , Mason J. Earles

Remote sensing visual grounding (RSVG) aims to localize objects in remote sensing images based on free-form natural language expressions. Existing approaches are typically constrained to closed-set vocabularies, limiting their applicability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Ke Li , Di Wang , Ting Wang , Fuyu Dong , Yiming Zhang , Luyao Zhang , Xiangyu Wang , Shaofeng Li , Quan Wang

While specialized learning-based models have historically dominated image privacy prediction, the current literature increasingly favours adopting large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) designed for generic tasks. This trend risks overlooking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Alina Elena Baia , Alessio Xompero , Andrea Cavallaro

The advent of foundation models, particularly Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), has redefined the frontiers of artificial intelligence, enabling remarkable generalization across diverse tasks with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Redwan Sony , Parisa Farmanifard , Hamzeh Alzwairy , Nitish Shukla , Arun Ross

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) advance in handling interleaved image-text data, assessing their few-shot learning capabilities remains an open challenge. In this paper, we introduce FewMMBench, a comprehensive benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Mustafa Dogan , Ilker Kesen , Iacer Calixto , Aykut Erdem , Erkut Erdem

General-purpose audio representations aim to map acoustically variable instances of the same event to nearby points, resolving content identity in a zero-shot setting. Unlike supervised classification benchmarks that measure adaptability…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Maris Basha , Anja Zai , Sabine Stoll , Richard Hahnloser

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) targets at recognizing unseen categories by leveraging auxiliary information, such as attribute embedding. Despite the encouraging results achieved, prior ZSL approaches focus on improving the discriminant power of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Lianbo Zhang , Shaoli Huang , Xinchao Wang , Wei Liu , Dacheng Tao

Vision-language models (VLMs) trained on internet-scale data achieve remarkable zero-shot detection performance on common objects like car, truck, and pedestrian. However, state-of-the-art models still struggle to generalize to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Peter Robicheaux , Matvei Popov , Anish Madan , Isaac Robinson , Joseph Nelson , Deva Ramanan , Neehar Peri

Vision-language models (VLMs) and the recent surge of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence with unprecedented cross-modal alignment and zero-shot generalization. However, enabling them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuyang Liu , Qiuhe Hong , Linlan Huang , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Dipam Goswami , Xialei Liu , Joost van de Weijer , Yonghong Tian

With the development of foundation models such as large language models, zero-shot transfer learning has become increasingly significant. This is highlighted by the generative capabilities of NLP models like GPT-4, and the retrieval-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yuhan Li , Peisong Wang , Zhixun Li , Jeffrey Xu Yu , Jia Li

Zero-shot (ZS) 3D anomaly detection is crucial for reliable industrial inspection, as it enables detecting and localizing defects without requiring any target-category training data. Existing approaches render 3D point clouds into 2D images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaiqiang Li , Gang Li , Mingle Zhou , Min Li , Delong Han , Jin Wan

Current multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often underperform on mathematical problem-solving tasks that require fine-grained visual understanding. The limitation is largely attributable to inadequate perception of geometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Shan Zhang , Aotian Chen , Yanpeng Sun , Jindong Gu , Yi-Yu Zheng , Piotr Koniusz , Kai Zou , Anton van den Hengel , Yuan Xue

We introduce CurveBench, a benchmark for hierarchical topological reasoning from visual input. CurveBench consists of \textbf{756 images} of pairwise non-intersecting Jordan curves across easy, polygonal, topographic-inspired, maze-like,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Amirreza Mohseni , Mona Mohammadi , Morteza Saghafian , Naser Talebizadeh Sardari

Vision language models (VLMs) can flexibly address various vision tasks through text interactions. Although successful in semantic understanding, state-of-the-art VLMs including GPT-5 still struggle in understanding 3D from 2D inputs. On…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhipeng Cai , Ching-Feng Yeh , Hu Xu , Zhuang Liu , Gregory Meyer , Xinjie Lei , Changsheng Zhao , Shang-Wen Li , Vikas Chandra , Yangyang Shi

Zero-shot graph machine learning, especially with graph neural networks (GNNs), has garnered significant interest due to the challenge of scarce labeled data. While methods like self-supervised learning and graph prompt learning have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Duo Wang , Yuan Zuo , Fengzhi Li , Junjie Wu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on vision-language reasoning tasks. However, their potential for zero-shot fine-grained image classification, a challenging task requiring precise differentiation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Md. Atabuzzaman , Andrew Zhang , Chris Thomas

Many recent advances in computer vision are the result of a healthy competition among researchers on high quality, task-specific, benchmarks. After a decade of active research, zero-shot learning (ZSL) models accuracy on the Imagenet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Tristan Hascoet , Yasuo Ariki , Tetsuya Takiguchi