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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their ability to understand multimodal input. However, their large parameter sizes and substantial computational demands severely hinder their practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 JiangYong Yu , Sifan Zhou , Dawei Yang , Shuo Wang , Shuoyu Li , Xing Hu , Chen Xu , Zukang Xu , Changyong Shu , Zhihang Yuan

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layer, a sparsely-activated model controlled by a router, has achieved great success in deep learning. However, the understanding of such architecture remains elusive. In this paper, we formally study how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Zixiang Chen , Yihe Deng , Yue Wu , Quanquan Gu , Yuanzhi Li

Upcycling pre-trained dense language models into sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) models is an efficient approach to increase the model capacity of already trained models. However, optimal techniques for upcycling at scale remain unclear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ethan He , Abhinav Khattar , Ryan Prenger , Vijay Korthikanti , Zijie Yan , Tong Liu , Shiqing Fan , Ashwath Aithal , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

Continual learning (CL) has garnered significant attention because of its ability to adapt to new tasks that arrive over time. Catastrophic forgetting (of old tasks) has been identified as a major issue in CL, as the model adapts to new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Hongbo Li , Sen Lin , Lingjie Duan , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

The mixture of experts (MoE) model is a sparse variant of large language models (LLMs), designed to hold a better balance between intelligent capability and computational overhead. Despite its benefits, MoE is still too expensive to deploy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Haodong Wang , Qihua Zhou , Zicong Hong , Song Guo

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has emerged as an effective technique for alleviating the substantial computational and memory overheads of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by compressing both weights and activations without retraining the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Chenwei Jia , Baoting Li , Xuchong Zhang , Mingzhuo Wei , Bochen Lin , Hongbin Sun

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model has succeeded in deep learning (DL). However, its complex architecture and advantages over dense models in image classification remain unclear. In previous studies, MoE performance has often been affected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Bakary Badjie , José Cecílio , António Casimiro

Large language models have transformed the comprehension and generation of natural language tasks, but they come with substantial memory and computational requirements. Quantization techniques have emerged as a promising avenue for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Amitash Nanda , Sree Bhargavi Balija , Debashis Sahoo

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in diverse applications but suffer inefficiency due to massive scale. While quantization reduces computational costs, existing methods degrade accuracy in medium-sized LLMs (e.g., Llama-3-8B) due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yuxuan Hu , Xiaodong Chen , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jing Zhang

The impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) come at the cost of substantial computational resources during deployment. While KV Cache can significantly reduce recomputation during inference, it also introduces additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yi Su , Yuechi Zhou , Quantong Qiu , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Ping Li , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Min Zhang

As new optimizers gain traction and model quantization becomes standard for efficient deployment, a key question arises: how does the choice of optimizer affect model performance in the presence of quantization? Despite progress in both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Georgios Vlassis , Saleh Ashkboos , Alexandra Volkova , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. However, their size presents significant challenges for deployment and inference. This paper investigates the quantization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Lucas Maisonnave , Cyril Moineau , Olivier Bichler , Fabrice Rastello

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved near-human performance across diverse reasoning tasks, yet their deployment on resource-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices remains impractical due to massive parameter footprints and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Mingyu Sung , Vikas Palakonda , Suhwan Im , Sunghwan Moon , Il-Min Kim , Sangseok Yun , Jae-Mo Kang

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance across a wide range of NLP tasks, but their massive sizes hinder deployment on resource-constrained devices. To reduce their computational and memory burden, various compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Dung Anh Hoang , Cuong Pham , Cuong Nguyen , Trung le , Jianfei Cai , Thanh-Toan Do

Sparsely Mixture of Experts (MoE) has received great interest due to its promising scaling capability with affordable computational overhead. MoE converts dense layers into sparse experts, and utilizes a gated routing network to make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Yuan Xie , Shaohan Huang , Tianyu Chen , Furu Wei

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has garnered significant attention for its ability to scale up neural networks while utilizing the same or even fewer active parameters. However, MoE does not alleviate the massive memory requirements of networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingyu Cao , Gen Li , Jie Ji , Jiaqi Zhang , Ajay Jaiswal , Li Shen , Xiaolong Ma , Shiwei Liu , Lu Yin

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce the deployment cost of large language models (LLMs), and post-training quantization (PTQ) has been widely studied due to its efficiency. However, existing PTQ methods are limited by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qitao Tan , Xiaoying Song , Jin Lu , Guoming Li , Jun Liu , Lingzi Hong , Caiwen Ding , Jundong Li , Xiaoming Zhai , Shaoyi Huang , Wei Niu , Geng Yuan

Outlier detection is an integral part of robust evaluation for crowdsourceable Quality of Experience (QoE) and has attracted much attention in recent years. In QoE for multimedia, outliers happen because of different test conditions, human…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2014-10-23 Qianqian Xu , Ming Yan , Yuan Yao

The task of outlier detection is to find small groups of data objects that are exceptional when compared with rest large amount of data. Detection of such outliers is important for many applications such as fraud detection and customer…

Databases · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Zengyou He , Xiaofei Xu , Shengchun Deng

With the growing size of large language models, the role of quantization becomes increasingly significant. However, outliers present in weights or activations notably influence the performance of quantized models. Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Baohao Liao , Christof Monz