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Many methods that build powerful variational distributions based on unadjusted Langevin transitions exist. Most of these were developed using a wide range of different approaches and techniques. Unfortunately, the lack of a unified analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Tomas Geffner , Justin Domke

How do diffusion generative models convert pure noise into meaningful images? In a variety of pretrained diffusion models (including conditional latent space models like Stable Diffusion), we observe that the reverse diffusion process that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Binxu Wang , John J. Vastola

Diffusion Models achieve state-of-the-art performance in generating new samples but lack a low-dimensional latent space that encodes the data into editable features. Inversion-based methods address this by reversing the denoising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Łukasz Staniszewski , Łukasz Kuciński , Kamil Deja

Diffusion models, which convert noise into new data instances by learning to reverse a diffusion process, have become a cornerstone in contemporary generative modeling. In this work, we develop non-asymptotic convergence theory for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Gen Li , Yuting Wei , Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen

Diffusion models have been firmly established as principled zero-shot solvers for linear and nonlinear inverse problems, owing to their powerful image prior and iterative sampling algorithm. These approaches often rely on Tweedie's formula,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jonathan Patsenker , Henry Li , Myeongseob Ko , Ruoxi Jia , Yuval Kluger

Diffusion models have quickly become some of the most popular and powerful generative models for high-dimensional data. The key insight that enabled their development was the realization that access to the score -- the gradient of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhenghan Fang , Mateo Díaz , Sam Buchanan , Jeremias Sulam

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in developing effective training and fast sampling techniques for diffusion models. A remarkable advancement is the use of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Defang Chen , Zhenyu Zhou , Jian-Ping Mei , Chunhua Shen , Chun Chen , Can Wang

Diffusion-based generative models learn to iteratively transfer unstructured noise to a complex target distribution as opposed to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) or the decoder of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) which produce samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Sarthak Mittal , Guillaume Lajoie , Stefan Bauer , Arash Mehrjou

Diffusion models have become fundamental tools for modeling data distributions in machine learning. Despite their success, these models face challenges when generating data with extreme brightness values, as evidenced by limitations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-10 Takuro Kutsuna

Diffusion models are a new class of generative models that have shown outstanding performance in image generation literature. As a consequence, studies have attempted to apply diffusion models to other tasks, such as speech enhancement. A…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Philippe Gonzalez , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jan Østergaard , Jesper Jensen , Tommy Sonne Alstrøm , Tobias May

Score-based modeling through stochastic differential equations (SDEs) has provided a new perspective on diffusion models, and demonstrated superior performance on continuous data. However, the gradient of the log-likelihood function, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Haoran Sun , Lijun Yu , Bo Dai , Dale Schuurmans , Hanjun Dai

Diffusion-based generative models are extremely effective in generating high-quality images, with generated samples often surpassing the quality of those produced by other models under several metrics. One distinguishing feature of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Ashwini Pokle , Zhengyang Geng , Zico Kolter

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as powerful techniques for generating samples from high-dimensional data distributions. These models involve a two-phase process: first, injecting noise to transform the data distribution into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Runjia Li , Qiwei Di , Quanquan Gu

Diffusion models have recently emerged as a powerful framework for generative modeling. They consist of a forward process that perturbs input data with Gaussian white noise and a reverse process that learns a score function to generate…

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful framework in generative modeling, typically relying on optimizing neural networks to estimate the score function via forward SDE simulations. In this work, we propose an alternative method that is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Yuehaw Khoo , Mathias Oster , Yifan Peng

We provide the first polynomial-time convergence guarantees for the probability flow ODE implementation (together with a corrector step) of score-based generative modeling. Our analysis is carried out in the wake of recent results obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Sitan Chen , Sinho Chewi , Holden Lee , Yuanzhi Li , Jianfeng Lu , Adil Salim

Diffusion models are powerful tools for sampling from high-dimensional distributions by progressively transforming pure noise into structured data through a denoising process. When equipped with a guidance mechanism, these models can also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Saeed Mohseni-Sehdeh , Walid Saad , Kei Sakaguchi , Tao Yu

This is an expository article on the score-based diffusion models, with a particular focus on the formulation via stochastic differential equations (SDE). After a gentle introduction, we discuss the two pillars in the diffusion modeling --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wenpin Tang , Hanyang Zhao

Diffusion generative models unlock new possibilities for inverse problems as they allow for the incorporation of strong empirical priors in scientific inference. Recently, diffusion models are repurposed for solving inverse problems using…

Diffusion models are loosely modelled based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics, where \textit{diffusion} refers to particles flowing from high-concentration regions towards low-concentration regions. In statistics, the meaning is quite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Inga Strümke , Helge Langseth