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The problem of forecasting weather has been scientifically studied for centuries due to its high impact on human lives, transportation, food production and energy management, among others. Current operational forecasting models are based on…

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) station-based Precipitation Nowcasting aims to predict rainfall within the next 0-6 hours by leveraging a GNSS station's historical observations of precipitation, GNSS-PWV, and related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yifang Zhang , Shengwu Xiong , Henan Wang , Wenjie Yin , Jiawang Peng , Duan Zhou , Yuqiang Zhang , Chen Zhou , Hua Chen , Qile Zhao , Pengfei Duan

Neural posterior estimation (NPE), a type of amortized variational inference, is a computationally efficient means of constructing probabilistic catalogs of light sources from astronomical images. To date, NPE has not been used to perform…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-26 Aakash Patel , Tianqing Zhang , Camille Avestruz , Jeffrey Regier , the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration

Precipitation nowcasting, the high-resolution forecasting of precipitation up to two hours ahead, supports the real-world socio-economic needs of many sectors reliant on weather-dependent decision-making. State-of-the-art operational…

Accurate medium-range precipitation forecasting is crucial for hydrometeorological risk management and disaster mitigation, yet remains challenging for current numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Traditional ensemble systems such as…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Tianyi Xiong , Haonan Chen

Terrain elevation modeling for off-road navigation aims to accurately estimate changes in terrain geometry in real-time and quantify the corresponding uncertainties. Having precise estimations and uncertainties plays a crucial role in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sanghun Jung , Daehoon Gwak , Byron Boots , James Hays

Stationary stochastic processes (SPs) are a key component of many probabilistic models, such as those for off-the-grid spatio-temporal data. They enable the statistical symmetry of underlying physical phenomena to be leveraged, thereby…

Neural processes (NPs) aim to stochastically complete unseen data points based on a given context dataset. NPs essentially leverage a given dataset as a context representation to derive a suitable identifier for a novel task. To improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Mingyu Kim , Kyeongryeol Go , Se-Young Yun

Obtaining reliable precipitation estimation with high resolutions in time and space is of great importance to hydrological studies. However, accurately estimating precipitation is a challenging task over high mountainous complex terrain.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Yihan Wang , Lujun Zhang

Modern simulation-based inference techniques use neural networks to solve inverse problems efficiently. One notable strategy is neural posterior estimation (NPE), wherein a neural network parameterizes a distribution to approximate the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-06 Alex Kolmus , Justin Janquart , Tomasz Baka , Twan van Laarhoven , Chris Van Den Broeck , Tom Heskes

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models represent sub-grid processes using parameterizations, which are often complex and a major source of uncertainty in weather forecasting. In this work, we devise a simple machine learning (ML)…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-03-26 Pablo Rozas Larraondo , Luigi J. Renzullo , Inaki Inza , Jose A. Lozano

Knowing the actual precipitation in space and time is critical in hydrological modelling applications, yet the spatial coverage with rain gauge stations is limited due to economic constraints. Gridded satellite precipitation datasets offer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-04 Hristos Tyralis , Georgia Papacharalampous , Nikolaos Doulamis , Anastasios Doulamis

With their continued increase in coverage and quality, data collected from personal air quality monitors has become an increasingly valuable tool to complement existing public health monitoring systems over urban areas. However, the…

Applications · Statistics 2022-06-01 Matthew Bonas , Stefano Castruccio

Accurate precipitation forecasts are crucial for applications such as flood management, agricultural planning, water resource allocation, and weather warnings. Despite advances in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, they still…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Simone Monaco , Luca Monaco , Daniele Apiletti

Nowcasting, the short-term prediction of weather, is essential for making timely and weather-dependent decisions. Specifically, precipitation nowcasting aims to predict precipitation at a local level within a 6-hour time frame. This task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Haotian Li , Arno Siebes , Siamak Mehrkanoon

Satellite remote sensing presents a cost-effective solution for synoptic flood monitoring, and satellite-derived flood maps provide a computationally efficient alternative to numerical flood inundation models traditionally used. While…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-09-05 Antara Dasgupta , Lasse Hybbeneth , Björn Waske

Extreme precipitation events, such as violent rainfall and hail storms, routinely ravage economies and livelihoods around the developing world. Climate change further aggravates this issue. Data-driven deep learning approaches could widen…

Accurate marine wind forecasts are essential for safe navigation, ship routing, and energy operations, yet they remain challenging because observations over the ocean are sparse, heterogeneous, and temporally variable. We reformulate wind…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Matteo Peduto , Qidong Yang , Jonathan Giezendanner , Devis Tuia , Sherrie Wang

Weather forecasting is a long standing scientific challenge with direct social and economic impact. The task is suitable for deep neural networks due to vast amounts of continuously collected data and a rich spatial and temporal structure…

Remote sensing observations of the Earth's surface are frequently stymied by clouds, water vapour, and aerosols in our atmosphere. These degrade or preclude the measurementof quantities critical to scientific and, hence, societal…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Angelina Agabin , J. Xavier Prochaska , Peter C. Cornillon , Christian E. Buckingham