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Document summarisation can be formulated as a sequential decision-making problem, which can be solved by Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. The predominant RL paradigm for summarisation learns a cross-input policy, which requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Yang Gao , Christian M. Meyer , Mohsen Mesgar , Iryna Gurevych

The success of RL for LLM post-training stems from an unreasonably uninformative source: a single bit of information per rollout as binary reward or preference label. At the other extreme, distillation offers dense supervision but requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yuda Song , Lili Chen , Fahim Tajwar , Remi Munos , Deepak Pathak , J. Andrew Bagnell , Aarti Singh , Andrea Zanette

Recommender systems play a crucial role in mitigating the problem of information overload by suggesting users' personalized items or services. The vast majority of traditional recommender systems consider the recommendation procedure as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Xiangyu Zhao , Liang Zhang , Long Xia , Zhuoye Ding , Dawei Yin , Jiliang Tang

This paper shows the implementation of reinforcement learning (RL) in commercial flowsheet simulator software (Aspen Plus V12) for designing and optimising a distillation sequence. The aim of the SAC agent was to separate a hydrocarbon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Stephan C. P. A. van Kalmthout , Laurence I. Midgley , Meik B. Franke

Diffusion and flow models achieve State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) generative performance, yet many practically important behaviors such as fine-grained prompt fidelity, compositional correctness, and text rendering are weakly specified by score or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yuanzhi Zhu , Xi Wang , Stéphane Lathuilière , Vicky Kalogeiton

The idea of experience sharing between cooperative agents naturally emerges from our understanding of how humans learn. Our evolution as a species is tightly linked to the ability to exchange learned knowledge with one another. It follows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Lucas Oliveira Souza , Gabriel de Oliveira Ramos , Celia Ghedini Ralha

In practice, reinforcement learning (RL) agents are often trained with a possibly imperfect proxy reward function, which may lead to a human-agent alignment issue (i.e., the learned policy either converges to non-optimal performance with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhaohui Jiang , Xuening Feng , Paul Weng , Yifei Zhu , Yan Song , Tianze Zhou , Yujing Hu , Tangjie Lv , Changjie Fan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown promise in enhancing recommendation systems by incorporating external context into large language model prompts. However, existing RAG-based approaches often rely on static retrieval heuristics…

Evolution Strategy (ES) algorithms have shown promising results in training complex robotic control policies due to their massive parallelism capability, simple implementation, effective parameter-space exploration, and fast training time.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Kuang-Huei Lee , Ofir Nachum , Tingnan Zhang , Sergio Guadarrama , Jie Tan , Wenhao Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable rewards has recently catalyzed a wave of "MLLM-r1" approaches that bring RL to vision language models. Most representative paradigms begin with a cold start, typically employing supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Kun Chen , Peng Shi , Haibo Qiu , Zhixiong Zeng , Siqi Yang , Wenji Mao , Lin Ma

This paper focuses on reinforcement learning (RL) with limited prior knowledge. In the domain of swarm robotics for instance, the expert can hardly design a reward function or demonstrate the target behavior, forbidding the use of both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-08-07 Riad Akrour , Marc Schoenauer , Michèle Sebag

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a powerful method for controlling dynamic systems, but its learning mechanism can lead to unpredictable actions that undermine the safety of critical systems. Here, we propose RL with Adaptive Regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Haozhe Tian , Homayoun Hamedmoghadam , Robert Shorten , Pietro Ferraro

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DeepRL) methods have been widely used in robotics to learn about the environment and acquire behaviors autonomously. Deep Interactive Reinforcement Learning (DeepIRL) includes interactive feedback from an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Hung Son Nguyen , Francisco Cruz , Richard Dazeley

Adversarial Robustness Distillation (ARD) is a novel method to boost the robustness of small models. Unlike general adversarial training, its robust knowledge transfer can be less easily restricted by the model capacity. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Yuzheng Wang , Zhaoyu Chen , Dingkang Yang , Yang Liu , Siao Liu , Wenqiang Zhang , Lizhe Qi

Reinforcement learning involves agents interacting with an environment to complete tasks. When rewards provided by the environment are sparse, agents may not receive immediate feedback on the quality of actions that they take, thereby…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Baicen Xiao , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Traditional approaches to RL have focused on learning decision policies directly from episodic decisions, while slowly and implicitly learning the semantics of compositional representations needed for generalization. While some approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Chris Lengerich , Gabriel Synnaeve , Amy Zhang , Hugh Leather , Kurt Shuster , François Charton , Charysse Redwood

Single-task RL agents are typically trained under a fixed reward function, which limits their robustness to reward misspecification and their ability to adapt to changing preferences. We introduce Reward-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Michal Nauman , Marek Cygan , Pieter Abbeel

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a promising way to achieve human-like autonomous driving. However, the low sample efficiency and difficulty of designing reward functions for DRL would hinder its applications in practice. In light of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Zhiyu Huang , Jingda Wu , Chen Lv

While modern recommender systems are instrumental in navigating information abundance, they remain fundamentally limited by static user modeling and reactive decision-making paradigms. Current large language model (LLM)-based agents inherit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Chenghao Wu , Ruiyang Ren , Junjie Zhang , Ruirui Wang , Zhongrui Ma , Qi Ye , Wayne Xin Zhao

In recommendation systems, diversity and novelty are essential for capturing varied user preferences and encouraging exploration, yet many systems prioritize click relevance. While reinforcement learning (RL) has been explored to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Jiin Woo , Alireza Bagheri Garakani , Tianchen Zhou , Zhishen Huang , Yan Gao