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Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to contain significant redundancy, yet a systematic explanation for why certain components, particularly in higher layers, are more redundant has remained elusive. In this work, we identify the BOS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jaewon Sok , Jewon Yeom , Seonghyeon Park , Jeongjae Park , Taesup Kim

Attention mechanisms are central to the success of large language models (LLMs), enabling them to capture intricate token dependencies and implicitly assign importance to each token. Recent studies have revealed the sink token, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Seungjun Shin , Jaehoon Oh , Dokwan Oh

Large language models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate on abstractive summarization tasks such as document-based question-answering, meeting summarization, and clinical report generation, even though all necessary information is included in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Erik Jones , Hamid Palangi , Clarisse Simões , Varun Chandrasekaran , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Arindam Mitra , Ahmed Awadallah , Ece Kamar

Large Language Model (LLM) based text-to-speech (TTS) systems have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling large speech datasets and generating natural speech for new speakers. However, LLM-based TTS models are not robust as the…

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has advanced natural language processing, yet concerns about cognitive biases are growing. In this paper, we investigate the anchoring effect, a cognitive bias where the mind relies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yiming Huang , Biquan Bie , Zuqiu Na , Weilin Ruan , Songxin Lei , Yutao Yue , Xinlei He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains but remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where malicious inputs manipulate the model into ignoring original instructions and executing designated action. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Kuo-Han Hung , Ching-Yun Ko , Ambrish Rawat , I-Hsin Chung , Winston H. Hsu , Pin-Yu Chen

Recent diffusion-based Multimodal Large Language Models (dMLLMs) suffer from high inference latency and therefore rely on caching techniques to accelerate decoding. However, the application of cache mechanisms often introduces undesirable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qiyan Zhao , Xiaofeng Zhang , Shuochen Chang , Qianyu Chen , Xiaosong Yuan , Xuhang Chen , Luoqi Liu , Jiajun Zhang , Xu-Yao Zhang , Da-Han Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, to mitigate the issue of hallucinations, LLMs often incorporate retrieval-augmented pipeline to provide them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Haowen Hou , Fei Ma , Binwen Bai , Xinxin Zhu , Fei Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) driven by In-Context Learning (ICL) have significantly improved the performance of text-to-SQL. Previous methods generally employ a two-stage reasoning framework, namely 1) schema linking and 2) logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Ge Qu , Jinyang Li , Bowen Li , Bowen Qin , Nan Huo , Chenhao Ma , Reynold Cheng

Context compression is an advanced technique that accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by converting long inputs into compact representations. Existing methods primarily rely on autoencoding tasks to train special compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Xin Liu , Runsong Zhao , Pengcheng Huang , Xinyu Liu , Junyi Xiao , Chunyang Xiao , Tong Xiao , Shengxiang Gao , Zhengtao Yu , Jingbo Zhu

While Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have rapidly advanced in recent years, the prevalent issue known as the `hallucination' problem has emerged as a significant bottleneck, hindering their real-world deployments. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Fushuo Huo , Wenchao Xu , Zhong Zhang , Haozhao Wang , Zhicheng Chen , Peilin Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate hallucinations-content that deviates from factual accuracy or provided context-posing challenges for diagnosis due to the complex interplay of underlying causes. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yiyou Sun , Yu Gai , Lijie Chen , Abhilasha Ravichander , Yejin Choi , Dawn Song

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable performance improvement through in-context learning (ICL) by leveraging task-specific examples in the input. However, the mechanisms behind this improvement remain elusive. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Safoora Yousefi , Leo Betthauser , Hosein Hasanbeig , Raphaël Millière , Ida Momennejad

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) is a milestone in generative artificial intelligence, achieving significant success in text comprehension and generation tasks. Despite the tremendous success of LLMs in many downstream tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 He Li , Haoang Chi , Mingyu Liu , Wenjing Yang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their capacity to process long contexts. However, effectively utilizing this long context remains a challenge due to the issue of distraction, where irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zijun Wu , Bingyuan Liu , Ran Yan , Lei Chen , Thomas Delteil

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity for their impressive performance across diverse fields. However, LLMs are prone to hallucinate untruthful or nonsensical outputs that fail to meet user expectations in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Tianhang Zhang , Lin Qiu , Qipeng Guo , Cheng Deng , Yue Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Chenghu Zhou , Xinbing Wang , Luoyi Fu

Despite their success, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to hallucinations. While existing studies attribute the cause of hallucinations to insufficient visual attention to image tokens, our findings indicate that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Beitao Chen , Xinyu Lyu , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Heng Tao Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) encode vast amounts of parametric knowledge during pre-training. As world knowledge evolves, effective deployment increasingly depends on their ability to faithfully follow externally retrieved context. When…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Nikhil Anand , Shwetha Somasundaram , Anirudh Phukan , Apoorv Saxena , Koyel Mukherjee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly prevalent in the field of long-context modeling, however, their inference computational costs have become a critical bottleneck hindering the advancement of tasks such as agents and multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Di Xiu , Hongyin Tang , Bolin Rong , Lizhi Yan , Jingang Wang , Yifan Lu , Xunliang Cai

Large multimodal models (LMMs) "see" images by leveraging the attention mechanism between text and visual tokens in the transformer decoder. Ideally, these models should focus on key visual information relevant to the text token. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Seil Kang , Jinyeong Kim , Junhyeok Kim , Seong Jae Hwang