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With the rapid evolution of large language models, retrieval enhanced generation technology has been widely used due to its ability to integrate external knowledge to improve output accuracy. However, the performance of the system is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Ruoxin Zhang , Zhizhao Wen , Chao Wang , Chenchen Tang , Puyang Xu , Yifan Jiang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful technique for enriching Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge, allowing for factually grounded responses, a critical requirement in high-stakes domains such as healthcare.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Eduardo Martínez Rivera , Filippo Menolascina

Multi-vector dense retrieval methods like ColBERT systematically use a single-layer linear projection to reduce the dimensionality of individual vectors. In this study, we explore the implications of the MaxSim operator on the gradient…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Benjamin Clavié , Sean Lee , Rikiya Takehi , Aamir Shakir , Makoto P. Kato

Recent developments in machine translation and multilingual text generation have led researchers to adopt trained metrics such as COMET or BLEURT, which treat evaluation as a regression problem and use representations from multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Amy Pu , Hyung Won Chung , Ankur P. Parikh , Sebastian Gehrmann , Thibault Sellam

The pruning objective has recently extended beyond accuracy and sparsity to robustness in language models. Despite this, existing methods struggle to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks when continually increasing model sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Jianwei Li , Qi Lei , Wei Cheng , Dongkuan Xu

Speech modeling methods learn one embedding for a fixed segment of speech, typically in between 10-25 ms. The information present in speech can be divided into two categories: "what is being said" (content) and "how it is expressed" (other)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hemant Yadav , Sunayana Sitaram , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Machine learning is facing a 'reproducibility crisis' where a significant number of works report failures when attempting to reproduce previously published results. We evaluate the sources of reproducibility failures using a meta-analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Iordanis Fostiropoulos , Bowman Brown , Laurent Itti

Data-driven generative models excel in language and vision, but diffusion models often fail in constrained planning and design tasks, exhibiting severe constraint violations in engineering inverse design, molecular generation, multi-robot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zirui Zhao , Boye Niu , Harold Soh , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

Transformer-based text embedding models have improved their performance on benchmarks like MIRACL and BEIR by increasing their parameter counts. However, this scaling approach introduces significant deployment challenges, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zach Nussbaum , Brandon Duderstadt

Large Deep Learning models are often compressed before being deployed in a resource-constrained environment. Can we trust the prediction of compressed models just as we trust the prediction of the original large model? Existing work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Rohit Raj Rai , Chirag Kothari , Siddhesh Shelke , Amit Awekar

As reinforcement learning (RL) achieves more success in solving complex tasks, more care is needed to ensure that RL research is reproducible and that algorithms herein can be compared easily and fairly with minimal bias. RL results are,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Nicolai A. Lynnerup , Laura Nolling , Rasmus Hasle , John Hallam

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) face three major challenges: context length limitations, high inference costs, and catastrophic forgetting during continual learning. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures mitigate some of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zhongpan Tang

Multi-vector representations generated by late interaction models, such as ColBERT, enable superior retrieval quality compared to single-vector representations in information retrieval applications. In multi-vector retrieval systems, both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Elias Jääsaari , Ville Hyvönen , Teemu Roos

Recursive processing is considered a hallmark of human linguistic abilities. A recent study evaluated recursive processing in recurrent neural language models (RNN-LMs) and showed that such models perform below chance level on embedded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Yair Lakretz , Théo Desbordes , Dieuwke Hupkes , Stanislas Dehaene

Increasing model size when pretraining natural language representations often results in improved performance on downstream tasks. However, at some point further model increases become harder due to GPU/TPU memory limitations and longer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Zhenzhong Lan , Mingda Chen , Sebastian Goodman , Kevin Gimpel , Piyush Sharma , Radu Soricut

Subjective evaluation of LLM behavior -- empathy, restraint, calibrated emotional tone -- is hard. Human inter-rater agreement on such qualities saturates near rho ~ 0.45, and an LLM-as-judge proxy alone risks circularity: a judge sharing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuming , Huang , Yao Liu , Lei Wang , Junchen Wan

Biomedical question-answering (QA) systems require effective retrieval and generation components to ensure accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. This study systematically examines a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Linus Stuhlmann , Michael Alexander Saxer , Jonathan Fürst

This article aims to provide the information retrieval community with some reflections on recent advances in retrieval learning by analyzing the reproducibility of image-text retrieval models. Due to the increase of multimodal data over the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Jun Rao , Fei Wang , Liang Ding , Shuhan Qi , Yibing Zhan , Weifeng Liu , Dacheng Tao

Recent years have seen a surge of research into conversational recommender systems (CRS). Among existing datasets, ReDial is the most widely used benchmark, cited in hundreds of studies. However, variations in how the dataset is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ivica Kostric , Krisztian Balog

In this paper, we identify an important reproducibility challenge in the image-to-set prediction literature that impedes proper comparisons among published methods, namely, researchers use different evaluation protocols to assess their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Luis Pineda , Amaia Salvador , Michal Drozdzal , Adriana Romero