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In the present noisy intermediate scale quantum computing era, there is a critical need to devise methods for the efficient implementation of gate-based variational quantum circuits. This ensures that a range of proposed applications can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Ankit Kulshrestha , Xiaoyuan Liu , Hayato Ushijima-Mwesigwa , Bao Bach , Ilya Safro

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for integrating physics-based constraints and data to address forward and inverse problems in machine learning. Despite their potential, the implementation of PINNs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Alan Williams , Christopher Leon , Alexander Scheinker

Variational Quantum Algorithms have emerged as a leading paradigm for near-term quantum computation. In such algorithms, a parameterized quantum circuit is controlled via a classical optimization method that seeks to minimize a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Javier Rivera-Dean , Patrick Huembeli , Antonio Acín , Joseph Bowles

Quantum machine learning has become an area of growing interest but has certain theoretical and hardware-specific limitations. Notably, the problem of vanishing gradients, or barren plateaus, renders the training impossible for circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-31 Mo Kordzanganeh , Pavel Sekatski , Leonid Fedichkin , Alexey Melnikov

Quantum algorithms for partial differential equations (PDEs) face severe practical constraints on near-term hardware: limited qubit counts restrict spatial resolution to coarse grids, while circuit depth limitations prevent accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Bruno Jacob , Amanda A. Howard , Panos Stinis

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) represent a promising pathway toward achieving practical quantum advantage on near-term hardware. Despite this promise, for generic, expressive ans\"atze, their scalability is critically hindered by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Chenfeng Cao , Yeqing Zhou , Swamit Tannu , Nic Shannon , Robert Joynt

Quantifying the flatness of the objective-function landscape associated with unstructured parameterized quantum circuits is important for understanding the performance of variational algorithms utilizing a "hardware-efficient ansatz",…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 John Napp

We present hierarchical learning, a novel variational architecture for efficient training of large-scale variational quantum circuits. We test and benchmark our technique for distribution loading with quantum circuit born machines (QCBMs).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 Hrant Gharibyan , Vincent Su , Hayk Tepanyan

The rapid development of quantum computers promises transformative impacts across diverse fields of science and technology. Quantum neural networks (QNNs), as a forefront application, hold substantial potential. Despite the multitude of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Lucas Friedrich , Jonas Maziero

Shape optimization with constraints given by partial differential equations (PDE) is a highly developed field of optimization theory. The elegant adjoint formalism allows to compute shape gradients at the computational cost of a further PDE…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-03 Matthias Bolten , Onur Tanil Doganay , Hanno Gottschalk , Kathrin Klamroth

In this work, we highlight an unforeseen behavior of the expressivity of Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) for machine learning. A large class of these models, seen as Fourier Series which frequencies are derived from the encoding…

Quantum supervised learning, utilizing variational circuits, stands out as a promising technology for NISQ devices due to its efficiency in hardware resource utilization during the creation of quantum feature maps and the implementation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-15 Anton Simen Albino , Rodrigo Bloot , Otto M. Pires , Erick G. S. Nascimento

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are among the most promising NISQ-era algorithms for harnessing quantum computing in diverse fields. However, the underlying optimization processes within these algorithms usually deal with local minima…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 Daniel Faílde , José Daniel Viqueira , Mariamo Mussa Juane , Andrés Gómez

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) offer the most promising path to obtaining quantum advantages via noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. Such systems leverage classical optimization to tune the parameters of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Sharu Theresa Jose , Osvaldo Simeone

Quantum compilation provides a method to translate quantum algorithms at a high level of abstraction into their implementations as quantum circuits on real hardware. One approach to quantum compiling is to design a parameterised circuit and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-18 Niall F. Robertson , Albert Akhriev , Jiri Vala , Sergiy Zhuk

Several architectures have been proposed for quantum neural networks (QNNs), with the goal of efficiently performing machine learning tasks on quantum data. Rigorous scaling results are urgently needed for specific QNN constructions to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-13 Kunal Sharma , M. Cerezo , Lukasz Cincio , Patrick J. Coles

Partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization, where an optimization problem is subject to PDE constraints, arises in various applications such as design, control, and inference. Solving such problems is computationally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Yuki Sato , Jumpei Kato , Hiroshi Yano , Kosuke Ito , Naoki Yamamoto

Exploring quantum applications of near-term quantum devices is a rapidly growing field of quantum information science with both theoretical and practical interests. A leading paradigm to establish such near-term quantum applications is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-16 Hao-Kai Zhang , Chengkai Zhu , Geng Liu , Xin Wang

Quantum algorithms based on the variational principle have found applications in diverse areas with a huge flexibility. But as the circuit size increases the variational landscapes become flattened, causing the so-called Barren plateau…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Fabio Tarocco , Davide Materia , Leonardo Ratini , Leonardo Guidoni

Variational quantum circuits are increasingly studied as continuous-function approximators, but quantum regression remains difficult to train when global losses, finite-shot stochasticity, and circuit-depth growth combine to produce weak or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qingyu Meng , Yangshuai Wang